Skip to main content

Update on the Surgical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Surgical management of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis has seen several technical advances in the past four decades. This chapter will explore the current state of surgical therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, including management of Crohn’s fibrostenotic disease, perianal disease, application of the minimally invasive approach, and approach to determining the choice of surgery in patients with ulcerative colitis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Talley NJ, Abreu MT, Achkar J-P, Bernstein CN, Dubinsky MC, Hanauer SB, et al. An evidence-based systematic review on medical therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 ;106 Suppl 1:S2–25; quiz S26.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Van Assche G, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P. Infliximab therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: 10 years on. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;623(Suppl 1):S17–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hancock L, Mortensen NJ. How often do IBD patients require resection of their intestine? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(Suppl 2):S68–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Rungoe C, Langholz E, Andersson M, Basit S, Nielsen NM, Wohlfahrt J, et al. Changes in medical treatment and surgery rates in inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide cohort study 1979–2011. Gut. 2014;63(10):1607–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Harper PH, Fazio VW, Lavery IC, Jagelman DG, Weakley FL, Farmer RG, et al. The long-term outcome in Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 1987;30(3):174–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Farmer RG, Whelan G, Fazio VW. Long-term follow-up of patients with Crohn’s disease. Relationship between the clinical pattern and prognosis. Gastroenterology. 1985;88(6):1818–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bernell O, Lapidus A, Hellers G. Risk factors for surgery and recurrence in 907 patients with primary ileocaecal Crohn’s disease. Br J Surg. 2000;87(12):1697–701.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Golovics PA, Mandel MD, Lovasz BD, Lakatos PL. Inflammatory bowel disease course in Crohn’s disease: is the natural history changing? World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(12):3198–207.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Loftus EV, Colombel J-F, Sandborn WJ. The natural history of adult Crohn’s disease in population-based cohorts. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(2):289–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ramadas AV, Gunesh S, Thomas GA, Williams GT, Hawthorne AB. Natural history of Crohn’s disease in a population-based cohort from Cardiff (1986–2003): a study of changes in medical treatment and surgical resection rates. Gut. 2010;59(9):1200–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bernstein CN, Loftus EV, Ng SC, Lakatos PL, Moum B. Epidemiology and natural history task force of the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD). Hospitalisations and surgery in Crohn’s disease. Gut. 2012;61(4):622–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Burke JP, Velupillai Y, O’Connell PR, Coffey JC. National trends in intestinal resection for Crohn’s disease in the post-biologic era. Int J Color Dis. 2013;28(10):1401–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bewtra M, Su C, Lewis JD. Trends in hospitalization rates for inflammatory bowel disease in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc. 2007;5(5):597–601.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Vester-Andersen MK, Prosberg MV, Jess T, Andersson M, Bengtsson BG, Blixt T, et al. Disease course and surgery rates in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based, 7-year follow-up study in the era of immunomodulating therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(5):705–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Berg DF, Bahadursingh AM, Kaminski DL, Longo WE. Acute surgical emergencies in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Surg. 2002;184(1):45–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bemelman WA, Ivenski M, van Hogezand RA, Hermans J, Veenendaal RA, Griffioen G. How effective is extensive nonsurgical treatment of patients with clinically active Crohn’s disease of the terminal ileum in preventing surgery? Dig Surg. 2001;18(1):56–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hashemi M, Novell JR, Lewis AA. Side-to-side stapled anastomosis may delay recurrence in Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41(10):1293–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Yamamoto T, Bain IM, Mylonakis E, Allan RN, Keighley MR. Stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis versus sutured end-to-end anastomosis after ileocolonic resection in Crohn disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999;34(7):708–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ikeuchi H, Kusunoki M, Yamamura T. Long-term results of stapled and hand-sewn anastomoses in patients with Crohn’s disease. Dig Surg. 2000;17(5):493–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Resegotti A, Astegiano M, Farina EC, Ciccone G, Avagnina G, Giustetto A, et al. Side-to-side stapled anastomosis strongly reduces anastomotic leak rates in Crohn’s disease surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48(3):464–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Scarpa M, Angriman I, Barollo M, Polese L, Ruffolo C, Bertin M, et al. Role of stapled and hand-sewn anastomoses in recurrence of Crohn’s disease. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 2004;51(58):1053–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Guo Z, Li Y, Zhu W, Gong J, Li N, Li J. Comparing outcomes between side-to-side anastomosis and other anastomotic configurations after intestinal resection for patients with Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2013;37(4):893–901.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. He X, Chen Z, Huang J, Lian L, Rouniyar S, Wu X, et al. Stapled side-to-side anastomosis might be better than handsewn end-to-end anastomosis in ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59(7):1544–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. McLeod RS, Wolff BG, Ross S, Parkes R, McKenzie M. Investigators of the CAST trial. Recurrence of Crohn’s disease after ileocolic resection is not affected by anastomotic type: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52(5):919–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Olaison G, Smedh K, Sjödahl R. Natural course of Crohn’s disease after ileocolic resection: endoscopically visualised ileal ulcers preceding symptoms. Gut. 1992;33(3):331–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Kono T, Ashida T, Ebisawa Y, Chisato N, Okamoto K, Katsuno H, et al. A new antimesenteric functional end-to-end handsewn anastomosis: surgical prevention of anastomotic recurrence in Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54(5):586–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Krane MK, Cannon LM, Allaix ME, Kono T, Fichera A. A new antimesenteric functional end-to-end handsewn (Kono-S) anastomosis: feasibility and short-term outcomes in Crohn’s disease. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;221(4):e5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Fichera A, Zoccali M, Kono T. Antimesenteric functional end-to-end handsewn (Kono-S) anastomosis. J Gastrointest Surg Off J Soc Surg Aliment Tract. 2012;16(7):1412–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Katsuno H, Maeda K, Hanai T, Masumori K, Koide Y, Kono T. Novel antimesenteric functional end-to-end handsewn (Kono-S) anastomoses for Crohn’s disease: a report of surgical procedure and short-term outcomes. Dig Surg. 2015;32(1):39–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kotanagi H, Kramer K, Fazio VW, Petras RE. Do microscopic abnormalities at resection margins correlate with increased anastomotic recurrence in Crohn’s disease? retrospective analysis of 100 cases. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34(10):909–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Pennington L, Hamilton SR, Bayless TM, Cameron JL. Surgical management of Crohn’s disease. Influence of disease at margin of resection. Ann Surg. 1980;192(3):311–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Fazio VW, Marchetti F, Church M, Goldblum JR, Lavery C, Hull TL, et al. Effect of resection margins on the recurrence of Crohn’s disease in the small bowel. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 1996;224(4):563–71; discussion 571–3.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Panis Y, Poupard B, Nemeth J, Lavergne A, Hautefeuille P, Valleur P. Ileal pouch/anal anastomosis for Crohn’s disease. Lancet Lond Engl. 1996;347(9005):854–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Regimbeau JM, Panis Y, Pocard M, Bouhnik Y, Lavergne-Slove A, Rufat P, et al. Long-term results of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for colorectal Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44(6):769–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hyman NH, Fazio VW, Tuckson WB, Lavery IC. Consequences of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for Crohn’s colitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34(8):653–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sagar PM, Dozois RR, Wolff BG. Long-term results of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39(8):893–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Deutsch AA, McLeod RS, Cullen J, Cohen Z. Results of the pelvic-pouch procedure in patients with Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34(6):475–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Melton GB, Fazio VW, Kiran RP, He J, Lavery IC, Shen B, et al. Long-term outcomes with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and Crohn’s disease: pouch retention and implications of delayed diagnosis. Ann Surg. 2008;248(4):608–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Melton GB, Kiran RP, Fazio VW, He J, Shen B, Goldblum JR, et al. Do preoperative factors predict subsequent diagnosis of Crohn’s disease after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative or indeterminate colitis? Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2010;12(10):1026–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Gu J, Stocchi L, Kiran RP, Shen B, Remzi FH. Do clinical characteristics of de novo pouch Crohn’s disease after restorative proctocolectomy affect ileal pouch retention? Dis Colon Rectum. 2014;57(1):76–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Fazio VW, Kiran RP, Remzi FH, Coffey JC, Heneghan HM, Kirat HT, et al. Ileal pouch anal anastomosis: analysis of outcome and quality of life in 3707 patients. Ann Surg. 2013;257(4):679–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Ambe R, Campbell L, Cagir B. A comprehensive review of strictureplasty techniques in Crohn’s disease: types, indications, comparisons, and safety. J Gastrointest Surg Off J Soc Surg Aliment Tract. 2012;16(1):209–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Afaneh C, Michelassi F. Bowel sparing procedures in Crohn’s disease of the small intestine. In: Fichera A, Krane MK, editors. Crohn’s disease [Internet]. Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 167–74. Available from: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-14181-7_11

  44. Pocivavsek L, Efrati E, Lee KYC, Hurst RD. Three-dimensional geometry of the Heineke-Mikulicz strictureplasty. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19(4):704–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Michelassi F, Taschieri A, Tonelli F, Sasaki I, Poggioli G, Fazio V, et al. An international, multicenter, prospective, observational study of the side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty in Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50(3):277–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Ozuner G, Fazio VW, Lavery IC, Milsom JW, Strong SA. Reoperative rates for Crohn’s disease following strictureplasty. Long-term analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39(11):1199–203.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Ozuner G, Fazio VW. Management of gastrointestinal bleeding after strictureplasty for Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38(3):297–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Fichera A, Lovadina S, Rubin M, Cimino F, Hurst RD, Michelassi F. Patterns and operative treatment of recurrent Crohn’s disease: a prospective longitudinal study. Surgery. 2006;140(4):649–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Reese GE, Purkayastha S, Tilney HS, von Roon A, Yamamoto T, Tekkis PP. Strictureplasty vs resection in small bowel Crohn’s disease: an evaluation of short-term outcomes and recurrence. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2007;9(8):686–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bharadwaj S, Fleshner P, Shen B. Therapeutic armamentarium for stricturing Crohn’s disease: medical versus endoscopic versus surgical approaches. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21(9):2194–213.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Michelassi F, Hurst RD, Melis M, Rubin M, Cohen R, Gasparitis A, et al. Side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty in extensive Crohn’s disease: a prospective longitudinal study. Ann Surg. 2000;232(3):401–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Campbell L, Ambe R, Weaver J, Marcus SM, Cagir B. Comparison of conventional and nonconventional strictureplasties in Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(6):714–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. de Buck van Overstraeten A, Vermeire S, Vanbeckevoort D, Rimola J, Ferrante M, Van Assche G, et al. Modified side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty over the ileocaecal valve: an alternative to ileocaecal resection in extensive terminal ileal Crohn’s disease. J. Crohns Colitis. 2016;10(4):437–42.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Atreja A, Aggarwal A, Dwivedi S, Rieder F, Lopez R, Lashner BA, et al. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic dilation for primary and anastomotic Crohn’s disease strictures. J Crohns Colitis. 2014;8(5):392–400.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Wibmer AG, Kroesen AJ, Gröne J, Buhr H-J, Ritz J-P. Comparison of strictureplasty and endoscopic balloon dilatation for stricturing Crohn’s disease--review of the literature. Int J Color Dis. 2010;25(10):1149–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Hassan C, Zullo A, De Francesco V, Ierardi E, Giustini M, Pitidis A, et al. Systematic review: endoscopic dilatation in Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26(11–12):1457–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Broering DC, Eisenberger CF, Koch A, Bloechle C, Knoefel WT, Dürig M, et al. Strictureplasty for large bowel stenosis in Crohn’s disease: quality of life after surgical therapy. Int J Color Dis. 2001;16(2):81–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Fumery M, Pineton de Chambrun G, Stefanescu C, Buisson A, Bressenot A, Beaugerie L, et al. Detection of dysplasia or cancer in 3.5% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colonic strictures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc. 2015;13(10):1770–5.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kiran RP, Nisar PJ, Church JM, Fazio VW. The role of primary surgical procedure in maintaining intestinal continuity for patients with Crohn’s colitis. Ann Surg. 2011;253(6):1130–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Andersson P, Olaison G, Hallböök O, Sjödahl R. Segmental resection or subtotal colectomy in Crohn’s colitis? Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45(1):47–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Longo WE, Ballantyne GH, Cahow CE. Treatment of Crohn’s colitis. Segmental or total colectomy? Arch Surg Chic Ill 1960. 1988;123(5):588–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Tekkis PP, Purkayastha S, Lanitis S, Athanasiou T, Heriot AG, Orchard TR, et al. A comparison of segmental vs subtotal/total colectomy for colonic Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2006;8(2):82–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Fichera A. Laparoscopic treatment of Crohn’s disease. World J Surg. 2011;35(7):1500–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Nguyen SQ, Teitelbaum E, Sabnis AA, Bonaccorso A, Tabrizian P, Salky B. Laparoscopic resection for Crohn’s disease: an experience with 335 cases. Surg Endosc. 2009;23(10):2380–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Soop M, Larson DW, Malireddy K, Cima RR, Young-Fadok TM, Dozois EJ. Safety, feasibility, and short-term outcomes of laparoscopically assisted primary ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease. Surg Endosc. 2009;23(8):1876–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Duepree H-J, Senagore AJ, Delaney CP, Brady KM, Fazio VW. Advantages of laparoscopic resection for ileocecal Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45(5):605–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Evans J, Poritz L, MacRae H. Influence of experience on laparoscopic ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45(12):1595–600.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Milsom JW, Hammerhofer KA, Böhm B, Marcello P, Elson P, Fazio VW. Prospective, randomized trial comparing laparoscopic vs. conventional surgery for refractory ileocolic Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44(1):1–8; discussion 8–9.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Maartense S, Dunker MS, Slors JFM, Cuesta MA, Pierik EGJM, Gouma DJ, et al. Laparoscopic-assisted versus open ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease: a randomized trial. Ann Surg. 2006;243(2):143–9; discussion 150–3.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Stocchi L, Milsom JW, Fazio VW. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease: follow-up of a prospective randomized trial. Surgery. 2008;144(4):622–7; discussion 627–8.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Eshuis EJ, Slors JFM, Stokkers PCF, Sprangers MA, Ubbink DT, Cuesta MA, et al. Long-term outcomes following laparoscopically assisted versus open ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease. Br J Surg. 2010;97(4):563–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Patel SV, Patel SVB, Ramagopalan SV, Ott MC. Laparoscopic surgery for Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis of perioperative complications and long term outcomes compared with open surgery. BMC Surg. 2013;13:14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Dasari BV, McKay D, Gardiner K. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for small bowel Crohn’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;1:CD006956.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Tan JJY, Tjandra JJ. Laparoscopic surgery for Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50(5):576–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Tilney HS, Constantinides VA, Heriot AG, Nicolaou M, Athanasiou T, Ziprin P, et al. Comparison of laparoscopic and open ileocecal resection for Crohn’s disease: a metaanalysis. Surg Endosc. 2006;20(7):1036–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Rosman AS, Melis M, Fichera A. Metaanalysis of trials comparing laparoscopic and open surgery for Crohn’s disease. Surg Endosc. 2005;19(12):1549–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Alves A, Panis Y, Bouhnik Y, Marceau C, Rouach Y, Lavergne-Slove A, et al. Factors that predict conversion in 69 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic ileocecal resection for Crohn’s disease: a prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48(12):2302–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Wu JS, Birnbaum EH, Kodner IJ, Fry RD, Read TE, Fleshman JW. Laparoscopic-assisted ileocolic resections in patients with Crohn’s disease: are abscesses, phlegmons, or recurrent disease contraindications? Surgery. 1997;122(4):682–8; discussion 688–9.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Lowney JK, Dietz DW, Birnbaum EH, Kodner IJ, Mutch MG, Fleshman JW. Is there any difference in recurrence rates in laparoscopic ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease compared with conventional surgery? a long-term, follow-up study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49(1):58–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Maggiori L, Cook MC, Bretagnol F, Ferron M, Alves A, Panis Y. Prior abdominal open surgery does not impair outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a case-control study in 367 patients. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2013;15(2):236–43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Brouquet A, Bretagnol F, Soprani A, Valleur P, Bouhnik Y, Panis Y. A laparoscopic approach to iterative ileocolonic resection for the recurrence of Crohn’s disease. Surg Endosc. 2010;24(4):879–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Chaudhary B, Glancy D, Dixon AR. Laparoscopic surgery for recurrent ileocolic Crohn’s disease is as safe and effective as primary resection. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2011;13(12):1413–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Pinto RA, Shawki S, Narita K, Weiss EG, Wexner SD. Laparoscopy for recurrent Crohn’s disease: how do the results compare with the results for primary Crohn’s disease? Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2011;13(3):302–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Schmidt CM, Talamini MA, Kaufman HS, Lilliemoe KD, Learn P, Bayless T. Laparoscopic surgery for Crohn’s disease: reasons for conversion. Ann Surg. 2001;233(6):733–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Moorthy K, Shaul T, Foley RJ. Factors that predict conversion in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for Crohn’s disease. Am J Surg. 2004;187(1):47–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Cannon LM, Reavey PL, Umanskiy K, Singer M, Krane MK. Laparoscopic ileocolectomy is underutilized in Crohn’s disease: analysis of a nationwide database. In: American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons annual meeting, Hollywood; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Fleshman J, Branda M, Sargent DJ, Boller AM, George V, Abbas M, et al. Effect of laparoscopic-assisted resection vs open resection of stage II or III rectal cancer on pathologic outcomes: the ACOSOG Z6051 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314(13):1346–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Milas M, Deveđija S, Trkulja V. Single incision versus standard multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy: up-dated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Surg J R Coll Surg Edinb Irel. 2014;12(5):271–89.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Miller AT, Berian JR, Rubin M, Hurst RD, Fichera A, Umanskiy K. Robotic-assisted proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease: a case-matched comparison of laparoscopic and robotic technique. J Gastrointest Surg Off J Soc Surg Aliment Tract. 2012;16(3):587–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Holder-Murray J, Marsicovetere P, Holubar SD. Minimally invasive surgery for inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21(6):1443–58.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Eglinton TW, Barclay ML, Gearry RB, Frizelle FA. The spectrum of perianal Crohn’s disease in a population-based cohort. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(7):773–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Gecse KB, Bemelman W, Kamm MA, Stoker J, Khanna R, Ng SC, et al. A global consensus on the classification, diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease. Gut. 2014;63(9):1381–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Buchanan GN, Owen HA, Torkington J, Lunniss PJ, Nicholls RJ, Cohen CRG. Long-term outcome following loose-seton technique for external sphincter preservation in complex anal fistula. Br J Surg. 2004;91(4):476–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Bouguen G, Siproudhis L, Gizard E, Wallenhorst T, Billioud V, Bretagne J-F, et al. Long-term outcome of perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease treated with infliximab. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc. 2013;11(8):975–81. e1–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Colombel J-F, Schwartz DA, Sandborn WJ, Kamm MA, D’Haens G, Rutgeerts P, et al. Adalimumab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gut. 2009;58(7):940–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. Schreiber S, Lawrance IC, Thomsen OØ, Hanauer SB, Bloomfield R, Sandborn WJ. Randomised clinical trial: certolizumab pegol for fistulas in Crohn’s disease—subgroup results from a placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(2):185–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Williams JG, Rothenberger DA, Nemer FD, Goldberg SM. Fistula-in-ano in Crohn’s disease. Results of aggressive surgical treatment. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34(5):378–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Soltani A, Kaiser AM. Endorectal advancement flap for cryptoglandular or Crohn’s fistula-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53(4):486–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Abcarian AM, Estrada JJ, Park J, Corning C, Chaudhry V, Cintron J, et al. Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract: early results of a pilot study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(7):778–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Vergara-Fernandez O, Espino-Urbina LA. Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract: what is the evidence in a review? World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(40):6805–13.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  101. de la Portilla F, Alba F, García-Olmo D, Herrerías JM, González FX, Galindo A. Expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (eASCs) for the treatment of complex perianal fistula in Crohn’s disease: results from a multicenter phase I/IIa clinical trial. Int J Color Dis. 2013;28(3):313–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Senéjoux A, Siproudhis L, Abramowitz L, Munoz-Bongrand N, Desseaux K, Bouguen G, et al. Fistula plug in fistulising ano-Perineal Crohn’s disease: a randomised controlled trial. J Crohns Colitis. 2016;10(2):141–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Ellis CN, Rostas JW, Greiner FG. Long-term outcomes with the use of bioprosthetic plugs for the management of complex anal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53(5):798–802.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Thekkinkattil DK, Botterill I, Ambrose NS, Lundby L, Sagar PM, Buntzen S, et al. Efficacy of the anal fistula plug in complex anorectal fistulae. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2009;11(6):584–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. El-Gazzaz G, Hull T, Church JM. Biological immunomodulators improve the healing rate in surgically treated perianal Crohn’s fistulas. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2012;14(10):1217–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Mennigen R, Heptner B, Senninger N, Rijcken E. Temporary fecal diversion in the management of colorectal and perianal Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2015;2015:286315.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  107. Singh S, Ding NS, Mathis KL, Dulai PS, Farrell AM, Pemberton JH, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: faecal diversion for management of perianal Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42(7):783–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Kasparek MS, Glatzle J, Temeltcheva T, Mueller MH, Koenigsrainer A, Kreis ME. Long-term quality of life in patients with Crohn’s disease and perianal fistulas: influence of fecal diversion. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50(12):2067–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Ordás I, Eckmann L, Talamini M, Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet Lond Engl. 2012;380(9853):1606–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Moore SE, McGrail KM, Peterson S, Raval MJ, Karimuddin AA, Phang PT, et al. Infliximab in ulcerative colitis: the impact of preoperative treatment on rates of colectomy and prescribing practices in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014;57(1):83–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Bikhchandani J, Polites SF, Wagie AE, Habermann EB, Cima RR. National trends of 3- versus 2-stage restorative proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015;58(2):199–204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Selvaggi F, Pellino G, Ghezzi G, Corona D, Riegler G, Delaini GG. A think tank of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR) on the surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using the Delphi method: ulcerative colitis. Tech Coloproctol. 2015;19(10):627–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Cohen JL, Strong SA, Hyman NH, Buie WD, Dunn GD, Ko CY, et al. Practice parameters for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48(11):1997–2009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Munie S, Hyman N, Osler T. Fate of the rectal stump after subtotal colectomy for ulcerative colitis in the era of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(5):408–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Myrelid P, Øresland T. A reappraisal of the ileo-rectal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9(6):433–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Aytac E, Ashburn J, Dietz DW. Is there still a role for continent ileostomy in the surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20(12):2519–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Nessar G, Fazio VW, Tekkis P, Connor J, Wu J, Bast J, et al. Long-term outcome and quality of life after continent ileostomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49(3):336–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Sequens R. Cancer in the anal canal (transitional zone) after restorative proctocolectomy with stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Int J Color Dis. 1997;12(4):254–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Hyman N. Rectal cancer as a complication of stapled IPAA. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2002;8(1):43–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Fichera A, Ragauskaite L, Silvestri MT, Elisseou NM, Rubin MA, Hurst RD, et al. Preservation of the anal transition zone in ulcerative colitis. Long-term effects on defecatory function. J Gastrointest Surg Off J Soc Surg Aliment Tract. 2007;11(12):1647–52; discussion 1652–3.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Selvaggi F, Pellino G, Canonico S, Sciaudone G. Systematic review of cuff and pouch cancer in patients with ileal pelvic pouch for ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20(7):1296–308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Uraiqat AA, Byrne CMD, Phillips RKS. Gaining length in ileal-anal pouch reconstruction: a review. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2007;9(7):657–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Selvaggi F, Giuliani A, Gallo C, Signoriello G, Riegler G, Canonico S. Randomized, controlled trial to compare the J-pouch and W-pouch configurations for ulcerative colitis in the maturation period. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43(5):615–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. McCormick PH, Guest GD, Clark AJ, Petersen D, Clark DA, Stevenson AR, et al. The ideal ileal-pouch design: a long-term randomized control trial of J- vs W-pouch construction. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(12):1251–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Fazio VW, Tekkis PP, Remzi F, Lavery IC, Manilich E, Connor J, et al. Quantification of risk for pouch failure after ileal pouch anal anastomosis surgery. Ann Surg. 2003;238(4):605–14; discussion 614–7.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Skowron K, Lapin B, Rubin M, Hurst RD, Rubin D, Hyman NH, et al. Clostridium difficile infection in ulcerative colitis: can alteration of the gut-associated microbiome contribute to pouch failure? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22(4):902–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Memon S, Heriot AG, Atkin CE, Lynch AC. Facilitated early ileostomy closure after rectal cancer surgery: a case-matched study. Tech Coloproctol. 2012;16(4):285–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Gu J, Stocchi L, Remzi FH, Kiran RP. Total abdominal colectomy for severe ulcerative colitis: does the laparoscopic approach really have benefit? Surg Endosc. 2014;28(2):617–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Bartels SAL, Gardenbroek TJ, Ubbink DT, Buskens CJ, Tanis PJ, Bemelman WA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open colectomy with end ileostomy for non-toxic colitis. Br J Surg. 2013;100(6):726–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Beyer-Berjot L, Maggiori L, Birnbaum D, Lefevre JH, Berdah S, Panis Y. A total laparoscopic approach reduces the infertility rate after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: a 2-center study. Ann Surg. 2013;258(2):275–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Lovely JK, Maxson PM, Jacob AK, Cima RR, Horlocker TT, Hebl JR, et al. Case-matched series of enhanced versus standard recovery pathway in minimally invasive colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2012;99(1):120–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Kelly KN, Iannuzzi JC, Aquina CT, Probst CP, Noyes K, Monson JRT, et al. Timing of discharge: a key to understanding the reason for readmission after colorectal surgery. J Gastrointest Surg Off J Soc Surg Aliment Tract 2015;19(3):418–27; discussion 427–8.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Dickerson DM. Acute pain management. Anesthesiol Clin. 2014;32(2):495–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Nagle D, Pare T, Keenan E, Marcet K, Tizio S, Poylin V. Ileostomy pathway virtually eliminates readmissions for dehydration in new ostomates. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(12):1266–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roger D. Hurst MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Krezalek, M.A., Cannon, L.M., Hurst, R.D. (2017). Update on the Surgical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Cohen, R. (eds) Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53763-4_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53763-4_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53761-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53763-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics