Skip to main content

Designing with Risk: Balancing Global Risk and Project Risks

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Climate Change Management ((CCM))

Abstract

The World Economic Forum, in their yearly global risk report which highlights the most significant long-term risks worldwide, consistently indicates that the ‘failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation’, as well the interconnected ‘water crises’, ‘greater incidence of extreme weather events’ and ‘food crises’, are among the top 10 global risks of highest concern. It is evident that the built environment will play a central role in fostering resilience towards such risks. Within the production of the built environment, at the same time, there is a concern with an altogether different set of risks, those related to the feasibility of a project. ‘Project resilience’, the capacity of a project to cope with shocks and stresses that are related to its feasibility, is often in conflict with ‘global’ resilience goals. Successful implementation of resilience projects in the built environment, such as ‘The Big U’ (of which the author is a co-design- lead), depends on designing the right balance between the two. In this paper, based on the author’s work on ‘The Big U’ and its successor projects, as well as on two interdisciplinary seminars at PennDesign, ‘Designing with Risk’, the author presents the research into this question, and propose that designers can have agency in balancing the two risk types in resilience projects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Alliance for a Greater New York (ALIGN), Alliance for a Just Rebuilding (AJR), Community Voices Heard, Faith in New York, Families United for Racial and Economic Equality (FUREE), Good Old Lower East Side (GOLES), New York Communities for Change, and Red Hook Initiative (2014) Weathering the storm, rebuilding a more resilient New York City housing authority post-sandy, report, March 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • Arcadis NV (2009), ARCADIS presents conceptual design for storm surge barrier to protect the New York Metropolitan area, from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/arcadis-presents-conceptual-design-for-storm-surge-barrier-to-protect-the-new-york-metropolitan-area-61649597.html. Accessed 4 July 2016

  • Boschma R (2015) Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience, regional studies. 49, Issue 5

    Google Scholar 

  • City of New York (2013) A stronger, more resilient New York, SIRR report, via: http://www.nyc.gov/html/sirr/html/report/report.shtml

  • City of New York (2015) One New York; the plan for a strong and just city

    Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg B, Bruzelius N, Rothengatter W (2003) Megaprojects and risk: an anatomy of ambition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hauer ME, Evans JM, Mishra DR (2016) Millions projected to be at risk from sea-level rise in the continental United States. Nat Clim Change

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill D (ed) (1996) The baked apple? Metropolitan New York in the greenhouse. New York Academy of Sciences 1996, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • HUD (Department of Housing and Development) (2016) website, http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/sandyrebuilding/rebuildbydesign. Accessed 13 Aug 2016

  • Ingels B (2012) Rethinking social infrastructure, CNN, sun April 22, 2012, from http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/22/tech/rethinking-social-infrastructure/index.html. Accessed 4 July 2016

  • Keenan JM, King DA, Willis D (2015) Understanding conceptual climate change meanings and preferences of multi-actor professional leadership in New York. J Environ Policy Plann

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch D (2012) Engineers lead calls for New York flood barrier, New Civil Engineer, from http://www.newcivilengineer.com/engineers-lead-calls-for-new-york-flood-barrier/8638544.article. Accessed 14 July 2016

  • Malesevic DS (2014) 2 years after Sandy, who will get shelter from the storm? Only some downtown, http://www.downtownexpress.com/2014/10/29/2-years-after-sandy-who-will-get-shelter-from-the-storm-only-some-downtown/. Accessed 15 July 2016

  • Martin-Breen P, Anderies JM (2011) ‘Resilience: a literature review’ Bellagio initiative. IDS, Brighton

    Google Scholar 

  • New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC) (2010) Climate change adaptation in New York City: building a risk management response. In: Rosenzweig C, Solecki W (eds) Prepared for use by the New York City climate change adaptation task force. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Office of the Federal Register (2014) Third allocation, waivers, and alternative requirements for grantees receiving community development block grant (CDBG) Disaster recovery funds in response to Hurricane Sandy. Federal Register/Vol 79, No. 200/Thursday, 16 Oct 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • Rebuild by Design (2014) http://www.rebuildbydesign.org, and www.rebuildbydesign.org/project/big-team-final-proposal/. Accessed 4 June 2016

  • Rosenzweig C, Solecki W (ed) (2001) Climate change and a global city: the potential consequences of climate variability and change. Metro East Coast. Report for the U.S. Global Change Research Program, Columbia Earth Institute, National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the United States

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig C, Solecki WD, Blake R, Bowman M, Faris C, Gornitz V, Horton R, Jacob K, LeBlanc A, Leichenko R, Linkin M, Major D, O’Grady M, Patrick L, Sussman E, ohe G, Zimmerman R (2011) Developing coastal adaptation to climate change in the New York City infrastructure-shed: process, approach, tools, and strategies. Clim Change 106:93–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig C, Solecki W (2014) Hurricane Sandy and adaptation pathways in New York: lessons from a first-responder city. Global Environmental Change 28

    Google Scholar 

  • Seto KC, Dhakal S, Bigio A, Blanco H, Delgado GC, Dewar D, Huang L, Inaba A, Kansal A, Lwasa S, McMahon JE, Müller DB, Murakami J, Nagendra H, Ramaswami A (2014) Human settlements, infrastructure and spatial planning. In: Edenhofer O, Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y, Farahani E, Kadner S, Seyboth K, Adler A, Baum I, Brunner S, Eickemeier P, Kriemann B, Savolainen J, Schlömer S, von Stechow C, Zwickel T, Minx JC (eds) Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change. Contribution of working group III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjöstedt M (2015) Resilience revisited: taking institutional theory seriously. Ecology and Society 20(4):23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Special Initiative for Rebuilding and Resiliency (SIRR) (2013) A strong, more resilient New York. The city of New York. Available at: http://www.nyc.gov/html/sirr/html/report/report.shtml. Accessed 4 Mar 2017

  • The BIG Team (2014) Consisted of co-leads BIG (Bjarke Ingels Group) and One Architecture, with Starr-Whitehouse, James Lima P + D, Arcadis, Buro Happold, Level Engineering, Green Shield Ecology, AEU Consultancy, Project Projects and Parsons School of the Constructed Environments

    Google Scholar 

  • The Lo-Down (2015) Residents voice hyperlocal concerns about East river Levee Plan, in http://www.thelodownny.com/leslog/2015/10/residents-voice-hyperlocal-concerns-about-east-river-levee-plan.html. Accessed 15 July 2016

  • U.S. Congress (2013) Disaster relief appropriations Act, 2013 (P.L. 113–2, enacted January 29, 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermeer M, Rahmstorf S (2009) Global sea level linked to global temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:21527–21532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wesselink AJ, Bijker WE, de Vriend HJ, Krol MS (2007) Dutch dealings with the selta. In: Nature and culture (vol 2, No 2), Autumn 2007, pp 188–209

    Google Scholar 

  • World Economic Forum (2016) The global risk report 2016, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Ysebaerta T, van der Hoekc D-J, Wortelboerc R, Wijsmana JWM, Tangeldera M, Nolted A (2016) Management options for restoring estuarine dynamics and implications for ecosystems: a quantitative approach for the Southwest Delta in the Netherlands. Ocean Coastal Manag 121, pp 33–48

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthijs Bouw .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bouw, M. (2017). Designing with Risk: Balancing Global Risk and Project Risks. In: Leal Filho, W., Keenan, J. (eds) Climate Change Adaptation in North America. Climate Change Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53742-9_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics