Skip to main content

The Generation of Argument Schemes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
On Reasoning and Argument

Part of the book series: Argumentation Library ((ARGA,volume 30))

Abstract

One can generate argumentation schemes in three ways. A bottom-up approach of extracting patterns of argument from a corpus of actual arguments can be somewhat arbitrary, and is likely to produce an unsatisfactory guide to understanding and evaluating arguments. A top-down approach starting from taxonomies of statements and rules of inference risks a combinatorial explosion of abstract unrealized possibilities. A combined approach is more useful.

Bibliographical note: A slightly different version of this chapter was previously published in Dialectics, dialogue and argumentation: An examination of Douglas Walton’s theories of reasoning and argument, ed. Chris Reed and Christopher W. Tindale (London: College Publications, 2010), 157–166.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Correction in the present republication: The original article had the determination relation reversed.

References

  • Ashley, Kevin D. 1988. Arguing by analogy in law: A case-based model. In Analogical reasoning: Perspectives of artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and philosophy, ed. D. H. Helman, 205–224. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, Marcus Tullius. 1949. On invention, trans. H. M. Hubbell. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 386. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ennis, Robert H. 2009. Investigating and assessing multiple-choice critical thinking tests. In Critical thinking education and assessment: Can higher order thinking be tested?, ed. Jan Sobocan and Leo Groarke, 75–97. London, Ont.: Althouse Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garssen, Bart. 2001. Argument schemes. In Crucial concepts in argumentation theory, ed. Frans H. van Eemeren, 81–99. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grennan, Wayne. 1997. Informal logic: Issues and approaches. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, Arthur C. 1962. A reformulation of the modes of reasoning in argumentation. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University (Ph.D. dissertation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitchcock, David. 1985. Enthymematic arguments. Informal Logic, 7: 83–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kienpointner, Manfred. 1992. Alltagslogik: Struktur und Funktion von Argumentationsmustern. Stuttgart-Bad Canstatt: Frommann Holzboog.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mankiw, N. Gregory, Ronald D. Kneebone, Kenneth J. Mackenzie and Nicholas Rowe. 2006. Principles of Microeconomics. 3rd Canadian edition. Toronto: Thomson Nelson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perelman, Chaim, and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca. 1958. Traité de l’argumentation: la nouvelle rhétorique. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perelman, Chaim, and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca. 1969. The new rhetoric: A treatise on argumentation. trans. John Wilkinson and Purcell Weaver. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schellens, Peter Jan. 1985. Redelijke argumenten: Een onderzoek naar normen voor kritische lezers. Dordrecht: Foris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, Douglas N. 1996. Argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, Douglas N. 2002. The sunk costs fallacy or argument from waste. Argumentation 16: 473–503.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, Douglas N., Chris Reed and Fabrizio Macagno. 2008. Argumentation schemes. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, Marcel. 2005. Philosophy of experimental biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, John, and Douglas N. Walton. 1989. Fallacies: Selected papers 1972-1982. Dordrecht, Holland, and Providence, RI: Foris.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Hitchcock .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hitchcock, D. (2017). The Generation of Argument Schemes. In: On Reasoning and Argument. Argumentation Library, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53562-3_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics