Abstract
Zoloushka Cave, the third longest gypsum cave in the world (92 km) and the world’s largest gypsum cave by volume (>0.7 million cubic meter), is an outstanding example of a large maze cave formed in a multi-story artesian aquifer system due to the upward leakage between the aquifers across a soluble unit. Although local settings and evolution caused some peculiar features in speleogenesis, as compared to other large maze caves in Western Ukraine, these singularities provide further insights on variants and mechanisms of both regional and general models of hypogene artesian speleogenesis. The cave is located in the area where the host aquifer system is generally confined until present, but in one of the more uplifted tectonic blocks where the gypsum was partially incised by the nearby valley of the Prut River during the Holocene and rapidly drained due to the quarry operations since 1946. The cave experienced considerable modifications and transformations in the course of the recent transition to unconfined conditions and subsequent artificial dewatering. The geomorphological breaching of the confined aquifer system in the cave area occurred in the Holocene, i.e., later than in the area where most other large maze caves in the region are located. A relatively stable position of the water table in the upper part of the gypsum during most of the Holocene caused pronounced widening of passages, which determined the anomalously large size of passages and high indices of areal karstification in some regions of the cave. The most intense development of conduits occurred in areas where the input of freshwater from the lower aquifer was more abundant. Quarry operation and accompanying groundwater withdrawal during the last 70 years caused drastic and rapid transformations in the cave environment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andreychouk VN (1984) Regularities of karst development in the south-east part of the zone of junction of Russian craton and Pre-Carpathian Foredeep. Abstract of PhD thesis, Perm (in Russian)
Andreychouk VN (1986) Some regularities of speleogenesis in the south part of Podolian-Bukovinian karst region. In: Caves. Methods of study, Perm (in Russian)
Andreychouk VN (1988) The tectonic factor and peculiarities of the sulfate karst of Bukovina: geology, geomorphology and hydrogeology of karst. Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Sverdlovsk (in Russian)
Andreychouk VN (1994) Zoloushka Cave. In: The questions of physical speleology, Moscow (in Russian)
Andreychouk VN (1999) Collapses above gypsum labyrinthic caves and stability assessment of karstified terraines. Prut, Chernovtsy. p 51 (in Russian)
Andreychouk VN (2007) Zoloushka Cave. Silesian University and Ukrainian Institute of Speleology and Karstology, Sosnowiec-Simferopol (in Russian)
Andreychouk VN, Klimchouk AB (2001) Geomicrobiology and redox geochemistry of the karstified Miocene gypsum aquifer, Western Ukraine: the study from Zoloushka Cave. Geomicrobiol J 18:275–295
Andreychouk VN, Klimchouk AB, Boston P, Galuskin EI (2009) Unique iron-manganese colonies of microorganisms in Zoloushka Cave (Ukraine-Moldova). In: Speleology Karstology 3:5–25. Available at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs/vol34/iss1/4 (in Russian)
Andreychouk VN, Korzhyk VP (1984) Zoloushka cave system. Caves, Types and methods of study, Perm (in Russian)
Chernyshev SN (1983) Fractures of rocks. Moscow, Nauka, 240 pp (in Russian)
Kempe S (1996) Gypsum karst of Germany. In: Klimchouk A, Lowe D, Cooper A, Sauro U (eds) Gypsum karst of the world. Int J Speleology 25(3–4):209–224
Kempe S, Brandt A, Seeger M, Vladi F (1976) “Facetten” and “Laugdecken”, the typical morphological element of caves developing in standing water. Ann De Speleologie 30(4):705–708
Klimchouk AB (1990) The artesian genesis of the large maze caves in the Miocene gypsum of the Western Ukraine. Doklady Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoj SSR ser. B, 7:28–32 (in Russian)
Klimchouk AB (2000) Speleogenesis of great gypsum mazes in the Western Ukraine. In: Klimchouk AB, Ford DC, Palmer AN, Dreybrodt W (eds) Speleogenesis: evolution of karst aquifers. National Speleological Society, Huntsville, pp 261–273
Klimchouk AB (2004) Morphometry of caves. In: Gunn J (ed) Encyclopedia of caves and karst science. Taylor & Francis, pp 524–526
Klimchouk AB (2007) Hypogene speleogenesis: hydrogeological and morphogenetic perspective. National Cave and Karst Research Institute, Carlsbad
Klimchouk AB (2012) Ukraine Giant Gypsum Caves. In: Culver DC, White WB (eds) Encyclopedia of caves, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Academic Press, Chennai, pp 827–833
Klimchouk AB (2013) Hypogene speleogenesis, its hydrogeological significance and the role in evolution of karst. DIP, Simferopol (in Russian)
Klimchouk AB, Aksem SD (2005) Hydrochemistry and solution rates in gypsum karst: case study from the Western Ukraine. Environ Geol 48:307–319
Klimchouk AB, Andreychouk VN (2002) Karst breakdown mechanisms from observations in the gypsum caves of the Western Ukraine: implications for subsidence hazard assessment. Int J Speleology 31(1/4):55–88
Klimchouk AB, Andreychouk VN, Turchinov II (2009) The structural prerequisites of speleogenesis in gypsum in the Western Ukraine. Silesian University and Ukrainian Institute of Speleology and Karstology, Sosnowiec-Simferopol
Klimchouk AB, Rogozhnikov VY (1982) Conjugate analysis of the formation history of a large cave system (on example of Atlantida Cave). Institute of Geological Sciences of NASU, Kiev (in Russian)
Volkov SN (1990) Geochemical transformations of the environment under technogenic impact on the karst cave Zoloushka. Geochimiia (Moscow) 5:741–751 (in Russian)
Volkov SN, Andreychouk VN, Yanchuk EA, Smirnov BI (1987) Modern iron-manganese formations of Zoloushka Cave. Mineralogichesky sbornik (Lviv) 41(1):79–83 (in Russian)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Andreychouk, V., Klimchouk, A. (2017). Zoloushka Cave (Ukraine–Moldova)—A Prime Example of Hypogene Artesian Speleogenesis in Gypsum. In: Klimchouk, A., N. Palmer, A., De Waele, J., S. Auler, A., Audra, P. (eds) Hypogene Karst Regions and Caves of the World. Cave and Karst Systems of the World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53348-3_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53348-3_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53347-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53348-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)