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From the Gate-Control Theory to Brain Programs for Neonatal Pain

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Neonatal Pain

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Abstract

Large numbers of low-birthweight (LBW) and preterm neonates are born in developed and underdeveloped countries each year [1], and many of them are extremely premature (<1500 g). For their normal, routine care, it may be necessary for these infants to undergo repeated or prolonged exposure to stress, pain, and maternal separation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). At this stage, the brain’s architecture and vasculature are very immature, and these neonates can only survive because of improved obstetric and neonatal care [1]. Despite an increasing survival rate, preterm infants develop a high prevalence of cognitive deficits, learning difficulties, and abnormal behaviors during their early childhood and primary school years. Multiple follow-up studies of ex-preterm neonates have reported neurodevelopmental deficits [2–4], with needs for special assistance [5] and increasing burdens for health care and society [6].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anatomy & Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 920 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA

    Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand (Professor of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology)

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  1. Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand
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Correspondence to Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Siena, Italy

    Giuseppe Buonocore

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Siena Department of Pediatrics, Siena, Italy

    Carlo Valerio Bellieni

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Anand, K.J.S. (2017). From the Gate-Control Theory to Brain Programs for Neonatal Pain. In: Buonocore, G., Bellieni, C.V. (eds) Neonatal Pain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53232-5_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53232-5_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53230-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53232-5

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