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Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses pp 171–193Cite as

Assembly and Egress of an Alphaherpesvirus Clockwork

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Part of the book series: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology ((ADVSANAT,volume 223))

Abstract

All viruses produce infectious particles that possess some degree of stability in the extracellular environment yet disassemble upon cell contact and entry. For the alphaherpesviruses, which include many neuroinvasive viruses of mammals, these metastable virions consist of an icosahedral capsid surrounded by a protein matrix (referred to as the tegument) and a lipid envelope studded with glycoproteins. Whereas the capsid of these viruses is a rigid structure encasing the DNA genome, the tegument and envelope are dynamic assemblies that orchestrate a sequential series of events that ends with the delivery of the genome into the nucleus. These particles are adapted to infect two different polarized cell types in their hosts: epithelial cells and neurons of the peripheral nervous system. This review considers how the virion is assembled into a primed state and is targeted to infect these cell types such that the incoming particles can subsequently negotiate the diverse environments they encounter on their way from plasma membrane to nucleus and thereby achieve their remarkably robust neuroinvasive infectious cycle.

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Acknowledgments

I am in debt to Dr. Fred Homa for devoting a significant amount of time responding to my email inquiries regarding herpesvirus virion structure/function and Dr. James Conway for teaching me how to use the Chimera software package. I also thank Gina Daniel for editing the manuscript. The electron micrograph was provided by Dr. Kevin Bohannon who performed imaging at the Northwestern University Center for Advanced Microscopy, which is generously supported by NCI CCSG P30 CA060553 awarded to the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center. I received support from NIH grant R01 AI056346.

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  1. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Gregory A. Smith Ph.D.

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  1. Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Klaus Osterrieder

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Smith, G.A. (2017). Assembly and Egress of an Alphaherpesvirus Clockwork. In: Osterrieder, K. (eds) Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, vol 223. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53168-7_8

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