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Neuroimaging in Chronic Pain, Fibromyalgia, and Somatization

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Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update - Vol. II

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Abstract

Neuroimaging research in psychiatry has been increasing exponentially in recent years, yet many psychiatrists are relatively unfamiliar with this field. The neuroimaging findings summarized here include alterations related to fibromyalgia, chronic pain, and coping in somatoform pain disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging method of choice for standard clinical sequences. Improvements in imaging technology now allow advanced sequences, once used exclusively for research, to be used clinically. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (showing metabolism) offers invaluable information on living tissues, with a special contribution to the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases of the central nervous system. Voxel-based morphometry (structural information) is a recent technique that can simultaneously visualize group differences or statistical effects on gray and white matter throughout the brain. Perfusion (marker of vascularity) offers higher spatial resolution than radionuclide techniques such as positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Diffusion-weighted imaging (a marker of cellularity) detects subtle degradation of white matter microstructure in fibromyalgia. Diffusion tensor imaging shows integrity of surrounding white matter tracts. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is used to identify eloquent cortex.

These techniques, all of which have advanced our understanding of chronic pain and can be used to improve knowledge on the etiology of these illnesses, will be discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroradiology, Quirónsalud Hospital, Zaragoza, 50006, Spain

    Nicolás Fayed Miguel MD, PhD

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

    Javier Garcia-Campayo PhD

  3. Department of Radiology, Neurology, and Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA

    Eduardo González-Toledo MD, PhD

  4. Department of Anesthesiology, Miguel Servet Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain

    Laura Viguera MD

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  1. Nicolás Fayed Miguel MD, PhD
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  2. Javier Garcia-Campayo PhD
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  3. Eduardo González-Toledo MD, PhD
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  4. Laura Viguera MD
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Correspondence to Nicolás Fayed Miguel MD, PhD .

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  1. National University of Cuyo, Catholic University of Argentina, Guaymallen Mendoza, Argentina

    Pascual Ángel Gargiulo

  2. Institute of Neurobiology Foundation, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Humberto Luis Mesones-Arroyo

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Miguel, N.F., Garcia-Campayo, J., González-Toledo, E., Viguera, L. (2017). Neuroimaging in Chronic Pain, Fibromyalgia, and Somatization. In: Gargiulo, P., Mesones-Arroyo, H. (eds) Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update - Vol. II. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53126-7_30

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