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The Relationship Between Drugs of Abuse and Palatable Foods: Pre-clinical Evidence Towards a Better Understanding of Addiction-Like Behaviors

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Book cover Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update - Vol. II

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Abstract

Food is essential for the survival of all animals, yet ingestive behavior varies significantly between species. In humans, obesity and related pathologies are currently considered a public health issue, having attained global epidemic proportions. Therefore, a better understanding of its etiology may help improve treatment strategies, as well as promote large-scale social changes. In this sense, this chapter discusses mainly “food addiction” within the current framework of eating-related disorders. We first review the two main neurophysiological mechanisms that regulate ingestive behaviors: (i) the homeostatic drive, which, via activation of specific hormones, increases or inhibits food intake according to endogenous energy deposits; and (ii) the hedonic drive, which is related to the subjective pleasurable experiences associated with food and acts independent of the body’s energy stores. We then focus on the main concepts and characteristics of “food addiction,” with the development of food-related binge-like and craving behaviors that may be induced when the hedonic drive “overrides” the homeostatic system. Several behavioral criteria currently used to define drug addiction can be readily transposed to those related to eating disorders. At the neurobiological level, similar underlying neural pathways are activated and/or altered by compulsive-like drug and food intake. The behavioral and neurobiological overlap is discussed, with an emphasis on pre-clinical evidence, particularly between binge-eating disorders and drug addiction. Different animal models, their advantages and translational limitations to human pathologies are then discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The writing of this chapter was supported by CNPq (478930/2012-7) and FAP-DF (193.001.026/2015). R.B.M.D. received a doctoral fellowship from CNPq and M.B. a research fellowship from CNPq (304041/2015-7).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasilia, DF, Brazil

    Renata B. M. Duarte, Aline Caron Borges & Marilia Barros

  2. Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasilia, DF, Brazil

    Renata B. M. Duarte & Marilia Barros

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  1. Renata B. M. Duarte
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  2. Aline Caron Borges
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Correspondence to Marilia Barros .

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  1. National University of Cuyo, Catholic University of Argentina, Guaymallen Mendoza, Argentina

    Pascual Ángel Gargiulo

  2. Institute of Neurobiology Foundation, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Humberto Luis Mesones-Arroyo

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Duarte, R.B.M., Borges, A.C., Barros, M. (2017). The Relationship Between Drugs of Abuse and Palatable Foods: Pre-clinical Evidence Towards a Better Understanding of Addiction-Like Behaviors. In: Gargiulo, P., Mesones-Arroyo, H. (eds) Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update - Vol. II. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53126-7_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53126-7_18

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