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Mitigating ‘One-Size-Fits-All’ Approaches to Australian Agriculture: Is There a Case to Be Made for Geographical Indications?

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The Importance of Place: Geographical Indications as a Tool for Local and Regional Development

Part of the book series: Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice ((IUSGENT,volume 58))

Abstract

Australia has been consistently opposed to extending Geographical Indications of Origin in Australian agriculture beyond their limited current application to wine. Such opposition has arisen largely because GIs have been viewed through the lens of international trade gains and losses and the subsequent contribution of these trade gains and losses to the collective wealth of the nation. GIs have not been considered in the Australian context for their potential to enhance the economic and social fabric of regional, rural and remote places, as has been the case in other nations. Such ‘rural enhancement’ considerations internationally, and particularly in Europe, have been an important part of the GI narrative. This chapter considers GIs in the Australian context from this perspective. We firstly outline the historical development of GIs and Australia’s response; and then provide an overview of Australian agricultural policy and operating environment that subsequently contextualizes two case studies. The first case study provides an in-depth look at the wine-GI experience and impact in Australia and the second provides a speculative analysis of the potential impact of GIs in a specific region. We conclude with insights into the ways in which GIs may well be contingently beneficial as tools for regional development in the Australian context.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    DFAT Australia, Australia—EU Free Trade Agreement: http://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/aeufta/pages/aeufta.aspx as consulted May 17th 2016.

  2. 2.

    Both case studies are reproduced (with permission from RIRDC) from van Caenegem et al. (2014), Provenance of Australian food products: is there a place for Geographical Indications? RIRDC, Canberra.

  3. 3.

    Agreement between Australia and the European Community on Trade in Wine, and Protocol, signed 26–31 January 1994, [ATS] 6 (entered into force 1 March 1994).

  4. 4.

    Agreement between Australia and the European Community on Trade in Wine, opened for signature 1 December 2008, [2010] ATS 19 (entered into force 1 September 2010). A copy is available at http://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/ag-food/wine/wine-agreement.pdf as consulted May 17th 2016.

  5. 5.

    See Annex II, Part B of the 2010 Agreement.

  6. 6.

    There are reported to be provisions on GIs in the China—Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) but at the time of writing these have not been made public.

  7. 7.

    For this and other examples, see Wine Australia (2014).

  8. 8.

    See Schedule 3 of the US Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act 2004.

  9. 9.

    Objection by Rothbury Wines Pty Ltd to determination of geographical indication filed in the names of Murray Tyrrell, Tyrrell’s Vineyards Pty Ltd and Trevor Drayton (2008) ATMO 13 June 2008.

  10. 10.

    Part VIA of the AGWA Act contains provisions relating to the Label Integrity Program.

  11. 11.

    The Australian Grape and Wine Authority (AGWA), trading as Wine Australia, is the single Australian Government statutory service body for the Australian grape and wine community. Regulatory activities available at https://wineaustralia.com/en/Production%20and%20Exporting.aspx as consulted September 2nd 2016.

  12. 12.

    Another example is Baxendale’s Vineyard Pty Ltd v The Geographical Indication Committee (2007) 160 FCR 542.

  13. 13.

    Van Caenegem, William, Drahos, Peter & Cleary, Jen (2014). Provenance of Australian food products: is there a place for Geographical Indications? Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Research Report No. 15/060. Canberra, ACT.

  14. 14.

    Van Caenegem, William, Taylor, Madeline, Cleary, Jen, Marshall, Brenda (2015). Collective Bargaining in the Agricultural Sector. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Research Report No. 15/055. Canberra, ACT.

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Acknowledgements

Much of the work presented in this chapter is drawn from research conducted between 2010–2015. This research was funded in part by the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC) and first published in 2015 in two reports.Footnote 13,Footnote 14

We thank RIRDC for their kind permission to reproduce parts of those publications here. We also gratefully acknowledge the work of our colleagues Professor Peter Drahos for his contributions to the first work, and Ms. Madeline Taylor and Dr. Brenda Marshall, for their contributions to the second work.

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  1. Centre for Global Food and Resources, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Jen Cleary

  2. Faculty of Law, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

    William van Caenegem

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  1. Faculty of Law, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia

    William van Caenegem

  2. University of Adelaide, Adjunct Associate Professor, Centre for Global Food and Resources University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Jen Cleary

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Cleary, J., van Caenegem, W. (2017). Mitigating ‘One-Size-Fits-All’ Approaches to Australian Agriculture: Is There a Case to Be Made for Geographical Indications?. In: van Caenegem, W., Cleary, J. (eds) The Importance of Place: Geographical Indications as a Tool for Local and Regional Development. Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, vol 58. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53073-4_5

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