Abstract
Ultrasound scanning plays an important role in evaluating the extent of benign and malignant anorectal and pelvic diseases. This chapter discusses this important method for evaluating rare anorectal and pelvic neoplasias, one which allows for the quantification of the exact circumferential and longitudinal extension of the lesion into the rectal wall or adjacent tissue and the relation between the lesion and the sphincter muscles. This is the most important aspect to consider when planning surgical resection with or without sphincter-saving. In addition, the three-dimensional scanning mode is safer, making it possible to review the images posteriorly, in real time, as required by some lesions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Jenkins S, Olive DL, Haney AF. Endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomic distribution. Obstel Gynecol. 1986;67(3):335.
Cornillie FJ, Oosterlynck D, Lauweryns JM, Koninckx PR. Deeply infiltrating pelvic endometriosis: histology and clinical significance. Fertil Steril. 1990;53(6):978–83.
Fedele L, Bianchi S, Portuese A, Borruto F, Dorta M. Transrectal ultrasonography in the assessment of rectovaginal endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;91(3):444–8.
Bazot M, Malzy P, Cortez A, Roseau G, Amouyal P, Daraï E. Accuracy of transvaginal sonography and rectal endoscopic sonography in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004;24:180–5.
Delpy R, Barthet M, Gasmin M, Berdah S, Shojai R, Desjeux A, et al. Value of endorectal ultrasonography for diagnosing rectovaginal septal endometriosis infiltrating the rectum. Endoscopy. 2005;37(4):357–61.
Bahr A, Paredes V, Gadonneix P, Etienney I, Salet-Lizée D, Villet R, Atienza P. Endorectal ultrasonography in predicting rectal wall infiltration in patients with deep pelvic endometriosis: a modern tool for an ancient disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49(6):869–75.
Kołodziejczak M, Sudoł-Szopińska I, Santoro GA, Bielecki K, Wiączek A. Ultrasonographic evaluation of anal endometriosis: report of four cases. Tech Coloproctol. 2014;18(11):1099–04.
Regadas FS, Murad-Regadas SM. 2- and 3-D ultrasonography of endometriosis, pelvic cyst, rectal solitary ulcer, muscle hypertrophy, rare neoplasms. In: Pescatori M, Regadas FS, Murad-Regadas SM, Zbar AP, editors. Imaging atlas of the pelvic floor and anorectal diseases. Milan: Springer-Verlag; 2008. p. 159–70.
Chapron C, Santulli P, de Ziegler D, Noel JC, Anaf V, Streuli I, et al. Ovarian endometrioma: severe pelvic pain is associated with deeply infiltrating endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(3):702–11.
Downey DB, Fenster A, Williams JC. Clinical utility of threedimensional ultrasound. Radiographics. 2000;20(2):559–71.
Raine-Fenning N, Jayaprakasan K, Deb S. Three-dimensional ultrasonographic characteristics of endometriomata. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;31(6):718–24.
Guerriero S, Alcázar JL, Ajossa S, Pilloni M, Melis GB. Three-dimensional sonographic characteristics of deep endometriosis. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28(8):1061–6.
McCormick JT, Read TE, Akbari RP, Sklow B, Papaconstantinou HT, et al. Occult perineal endometrioma diagnosed by endoanal ultrasound and treated by excision: a report of 3 cases. J Reprod Med. 2007;52(8):733–6.
Barisic GI, Krivokapic ZV, Jovanovic DR. Perineal endometriosis in episiotomy scar with anal sphincter involvement: report of two cases and review of the literature. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006;17(6):646–9.
Dozois RD, Chiu LK. Retrorectal tumours. In: Nicholls RJ, Dozeis RR, editors. Surgery of the colon and rectum. New York: Churchill Livingston; 1997. p. 533–45.
Gordon PH. Retrorectal tumours. In: Gordon PH, Nivatvongs S, editors. Principles and practice of surgery for the colon, rectum and anus. St. Louis: Quality Medical Publishers; 1999. p. 427–45.
Hjemslad BM, Helwin EB. Tailgut cysts. Report of 53 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1988;89(2):139–47.
Levine E, Batnitzky S. Computed tomography of sacral and perisacral lesions. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1984;21(4):307–74.
Chow WH, Kwan WK, Ng WF. Endoscopic removal of leiomyoma of the colon. Hong Kong Med J. 1997;3(3):325–7.
De Palma GD, Rega M, Masone S, Siciliano S, Persico M, Salvatori F, et al. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to a rectal leiomyoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(14):1769–70.
Miettinen M, Furlong M, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Burke A, Sobin LH, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, intramural leiomyomas, and leiomyosarcomas in the rectum and anus: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 144 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25(9):1121–33.
Miettinen M, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Sobin LH. Mesenchymal tumors of muscularis mucosae of colon and rectum are benign leiomyomas that should be separated from gastrointestinal stromal tumors–a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of eighty-eight cases. Modern Pathol. 2001;14(10):950–6.
Judson I, Demetri G. Advances in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Ann Oncol. 2007;18(Suppl 10):x20–4.
American Joint Committee on Cancer. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. In: Edge S, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A, editors. AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010. p. 175–80.
Corless CL, Heinrich MC. Molecular pathobiology of gastrointestinal stromal sarcomas. Ann Rev Pathol. 2008;3:557–86.
Eilber KS, Raz S. Benign cystic lesions of the vagina: a literature review. J Urol. 2003;170(3):717–22.
Corton MM. Anatomy. In: Hoffman BL, Schorge JO, Bradshaw KD, Halvorson LM, Schaffer JI, Corton MM, editors. Williams gynecology. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw Hill Medical; 2016. p. 796–824.
American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Available at: http://www.acr.org/secondarymainmenucategories/quality_safety/app_criteria.aspx. (2001). Accessed 29 Feb 2016.
Fasih N, Prasad Shanbhogue AK, Macdonald DB, Fraser-Hill MA, Papadatos D, Kielar AZ, et al. Leiomyomas beyond the uterus: unusual locations, rare manifestations. Radiographics. 2008;28(7):1931–48.
Lee MC, Lee SD, Kuo HT, Huang TW. Obstructive leiomyoma of the female urethra: report of a case. J Urol. 1995;153(2):420–1. Review.
Uchida K, Fukuta F, Ando M, Miiyake M. Female urethral hemangioma. J Urol. 2001;166(3):1008.
Aita GA, Begliomini H, Mattos Jr D. Fibroepithelial polyp of the urethra. Int Braz J Urol. 2005;31(2):155–6.
Dodd GD, Rutledge F, Wallace S. Postoperative pelvic lymphocysts. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1970;108(2):312–23.
Petru E, Tamussino K, Lahousen M, Winter R, Pickel H, Haas J. Pelvic and paraaortic lymphocysts after radical surgery because of cervical and ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161(4):937–41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Murad-Regadas, S.M., Santoro, G.A. (2017). Endoanal Imaging of Anorectal Cysts and Masses. In: Shobeiri, S. (eds) Practical Pelvic Floor Ultrasonography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52929-5_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52929-5_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-52928-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-52929-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)