Abstract
Six years after the Jasmine Revolution, Tunisian political Islam displays an enormous variation across its social base, power resources and relations, ideological discourse, and actions and strategies towards the regime. Considering the cases of an-Nahda and Hizb ut-Tahrir in Tunisia, Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia, and Islamic State (IS), this study highlights the activism, dynamism and variable influence of this fragmented, heterogeneous and divergent Islamic social and political collective during the revolution, transition and establishment of democracy in Tunisia.
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Notes
- 1.
See Izquierdo-Brichs & Etherington, in this book.
- 2.
Ennahdha International Facebook Page (Official). 2013. “Comprehensive Interview with Leader of #Ennahdha Party for Al-Dameer Newspaper”, June 23, https://www.facebook.com/Nahdha.International/posts/339239762845955.
- 3.
An-Nahda. 2011. Communiqué, October 31, http://www.nahdha.info/arabe/News-file-article-sid-4843.html.
- 4.
Barrie, Christopher. 2012. “9th Conference: Ghannouchi remains leader as Ennahda denies any conflict within the movement”. Nawaat, July 18. https://nawaat.org/portail/2012/07/18/ninth-conference-ghannouchi-remains-leader-as-ennahda-denies-any-conflict-within-the-movement/.
- 5.
Ennahdha International Facebook Page (Official). Opus cit.
- 6.
Investir en Tunisie. 2013. “Manar Skandrani lance un nouveau parti islamiste pour les RCDistes”. Investir en Tunisie, March 17. http://www.investir-en-tunisie.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25436:tunisie–manar-skandrani-lance-un-nouveau-parti-islamiste-pour-les-rcdistes&catid=95:politique-social&Itemid=317. Gnet Tunisie. 2012. “Riadh Chaiïbi révèle les raisons de sa démission d’Ennahdha”, Gnet Tunisie, November 19, http://www.gnet.tn/actualites-nationales/tunisie-riadh-chaiibi-revele-les-raisons-de-sa-demission-dennahdha/id-menu-958.html; http://www.maghrebo.com/tunisie/tunisie-3-demissions-au-sein-d%E2%80%99ennahdha.html.
- 7.
Ennahdha International Facebook Page (Official). Opus cit.
- 8.
Ibidem.
- 9.
An-Nahda. 2014. Electoral Manifesto. http://mhabettounes.org/legislative-2014/manifesto/?lang=en.
- 10.
Amara, Tarek. 2014. “Tunisia’s Islamists ready for a coalition with old regime officials”, Reuters, October 10. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/10/ustunisia-election-idUSKCN0HZ0TT20141010.
- 11.
Middle East Eye. 2016. “Ghannouchi, like Mandela, risks all for reconciliation and democracy”, Middle East Eye, June 13, http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ghannouchi-mandela-riskd-all-reconciliation-democracy-640860093.
- 12.
Middle East Eye. 2016. “Ennahda leader Ghannouchi: ‘We are Muslim democrats, not Islamists’” Middle East Eye, June 19. http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ennahda-leader-gannouchi-we-are-muslim-democrats-not-islamists-1710821541.
- 13.
Middle East Eye. 2016. Ghannouchi, like Mandela, risks all for reconciliation and democracy. Opus cit.
- 14.
Middle East Eye. 2016. “Rached Ghannouchi Q&A: Thoughts on democratic Islam”, Middle East Eye, June 13, http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/rached-ghannouchi-qa-thoughts-democratic-islam-1636082038.
- 15.
Ibidem.
- 16.
Ibidem.
- 17.
Business News. 2016. “Rafik Abdessalem: Ennahdha ne fait pas partie des Frères musulmans”, Business News, May 22. http://www.businessnews.com.tn/rafik-abdessalem–ennahdha-ne-fait-pas-partie-des-freres-musulmans,520,64687,3; Business News. 2016. “Ali Lâarayedh: Nous ne renions pas les Frères musulmans”, Business News, May 26. http://www.businessnews.com.tn/ali-laarayedh–nous-ne-renions-pas-les-freres-musulmans,520,64768,3.
- 18.
Business News. 2014. “Ridha Belhaj: le parti Ettahrir déterminé à appliquer la Charia et à sauvegarder les richesses de la Tunisie”, Business News, March 23. http://www.businessnews.com.tn/ridha-belhaj–le-parti-ettahrir-determine-a-appliquer-la-charia-et-a-sauvegarder-les-riesses-de-la-tunisie,520,45139,3.
- 19.
Business News. 2016. “Le gouverneur de Tunis: Hizb Ettahrir brandit les mêmes slogans et le même drapeau que les terroristes”, Business News, June 4. http://www.businessnews.com.tn/le-gouverneur-de-tunis–hizb-ettahrir-brandit-les-memes-slogans-et-le-meme-drapeau-que-les-terroristes,520,64981,3.
- 20.
Business News. 2016. “Hizb Ettahrir défie le ministère de l’Intérieur: Seul l’Islam nous confère notre légitimité”, Business News, May 31. http://www.businessnews.com.tn/hizb-ettahrir-defie-le-ministere-de-linterieur–seul-lislam-nous-confere-notre-legitimite,520,64876,3; Business News. 2016. “Ridha Belhaj: Renier le califat c’est renier son Histoire et personne ne pourra rien contre Hizb Ettahrir”, Business News, June 4. http://www.businessnews.com.tn/Ridha-Belhaj–Renier-le-califat-c%E2%80%99est-renier-son-Histoire-et-personne-ne-pourra-rien-contre-Hizb-Ettahrir,520,64982,3.
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Martínez Fuentes, G. (2017). Political Islam in Tunisia: A Comparative Approach. In: Izquierdo Brichs, F., Etherington, J., Feliu, L. (eds) Political Islam in a Time of Revolt. Islam and Nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52833-5_8
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