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Microbial Applications Vol.2 pp 83–104Cite as

Antimycobacterial Agents: To Target or Not to Target

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Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, and Mycobacterium ulcerans are the three most common pathogens of mycobacterium genus. M. tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans, is the most dangerous bacterial pathogen. In fact as per latest WHO report, M. tuberculosis killed more people than HIV in the last few years and is now the leading cause of death. The worst affected from global TB epidemic are nine high-burden countries which includes China and India. The 23% of total TB cases are reported from India, indicating that more serious efforts are needed to tackle the TB incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Another concern is rise of multiple drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains and all current antimycobacterial agents will no longer be effective in the future. Research in TB drug discovery remains abysmal and there is shortfall of USD 1.6 billion to treat the most neglected disease. TB does not attract major funding from developed countries which prioritize cancer, HIV, and malaria. As drug discovery is getting costlier, most of the major pharmaceutical companies do not find TB research financially viable. This has resulted in major gap between drug discovery pipeline and need for new drugs. The challenge is to stop global TB epidemic by finding new antimycobacterial agents that effectively treat MDR-TB and XDR-TB in few months and not years. This chapter will describe current antimycobacterial agents, their mechanisms, and new candidate molecules in clinical trials. The goal is to understand how the old drugs worked and how we can design new strategies to develop new antimycobacterial agents.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Andaleeb Sajid

  2. CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India

    Gunjan Arora, Richa Virmani & Anshika Singhal

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Correspondence to Andaleeb Sajid .

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  1. University Campus Delhi, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, Delhi, India

    Vipin Chandra Kalia

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Sajid, A., Arora, G., Virmani, R., Singhal, A. (2017). Antimycobacterial Agents: To Target or Not to Target. In: Kalia, V. (eds) Microbial Applications Vol.2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52669-0_4

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