Abstract
During the 1960s, the science of biosurfactants was in its infancy and received attention mainly as hydrocarbon dissolving agents. Recently biosurfactants have emerged as the most versatile product of the modern microbial biotechnology. Owing to its biodegradable nature, it has been considered as “green chemical.” Recently, increasing awareness toward sustainable ecosystem and environmental protection has resulted in a concerted research in biosurfactant as a promising substitute of chemical surfactants. It can be produced from nonrenewable resources, with alternative synthesis from economical renewable feedstocks. Apart from the stability at relatively adverse environments, these compounds are readily biodegradable in the environment. Functional properties of these compounds are being conferred by their structural diversity which varies among the microbial community. These compounds may provide advantages in a particular ecological niche or may be responsible for the niche-specific behavior of the producer microorganism. Diverse properties encompassed by biosurfactants are wetting, dispersion, emulsification, foaming, cleansing, phase separation, reduction in viscosity, and surface activity. It serves a broad spectrum of industries like petroleum, paint, paper, textile, leather, agriculture, cosmetic, food processing, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries, thereby plays a significant role in white biotechnology.
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Acknowledgment
Neha Panjiar acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, for the research fellowship provided [09/554(0023)/2010-EMR-I]. Authors acknowledge the University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India, for the financial support [F. No. 40-160/2011(SR)].
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Panjiar, N., Sachan, S.G., Sachan, A. (2017). Biosurfactants: A Multifunctional Microbial Metabolite. In: Kalia, V. (eds) Microbial Applications Vol.2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52669-0_12
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