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Role of Bacteria in Nanocompound Formation and Their Application in Medical

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Microbial Applications Vol.2

Abstract

Nanotechnology has now reached to a stage where the nanoparticles (NPs) have been in applicability in wide-ranging realms of science and technology. NPs are the materials with at least one dimension in the order of 100 nm or less. NPs display astonishing properties of high surface/volume ratio and enhanced physical, chemical, optical, and thermal properties which are extremely different than their bulk materials. The conventional methods of synthesis of nanocompounds involve the employment of physical and chemical methods, which have few drawbacks such as the requirement of toxic hazardous chemicals, energy intensive, and costly processes make it difficult to be widely implemented. To overcome these limitations, the researchers have looked forward for an easy and feasible alternative approach for the synthesis of nanocompounds. The employment of alternative biogenic route for the NP synthesis by using biological entities of unicellular living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes has sought apparent attention of the scientists throughout the global earth. A greener approach interconnecting nanobiology with microbial biotechnology is responsible for the formation of NPs mediated by microbes that allow synthesis in aqueous environment, with low energy consumption and at low costs. Biosynthesis of gold, silver, copper, quantum dots, and magnetite NPs by bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and yeasts has been reported. In a view to form noble metal NPs of uniform shape and size, biological routes using microbial cultures at optimal temperature, pressure, and pH have been formulated. In this chapter, the main focus is given on the intracellular and extracellular approaches used for synthesis of metallic NPs by various microbial species. A detailed discussion is provided to explain the various factors which affect the synthesis of nanocompounds to further augment the growth rate of NPs as well as the mechanism of action at the cellular, biochemical, and molecular level. A great stress is given on the role of these nanocompounds in the medical field for the diagnostic and disease treatment. The potential of great biodiversity of microbial cultures as biological candidates leading to the manufacturing of NPs is needed to be fully investigated.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are highly grateful to the Director, CSIR-IHBT, for providing infrastructure. We also thank Dr. V.C. Kalia who provided us an opportunity to write this chapter to be included in his book Integrative Biotechnology: Microbial Reservoirs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Rubbel Singla, Anika Guliani, Avnesh Kumari & Sudesh Kumar Yadav

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India

    Rubbel Singla, Anika Guliani & Sudesh Kumar Yadav

  3. Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), 160071, Mohali, India

    Sudesh Kumar Yadav

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  1. Rubbel Singla
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  2. Anika Guliani
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  3. Avnesh Kumari
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  4. Sudesh Kumar Yadav
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Correspondence to Sudesh Kumar Yadav .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University Campus Delhi, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, Delhi, India

    Vipin Chandra Kalia

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Singla, R., Guliani, A., Kumari, A., Yadav, S.K. (2017). Role of Bacteria in Nanocompound Formation and Their Application in Medical. In: Kalia, V. (eds) Microbial Applications Vol.2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52669-0_1

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