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Microbial Biofouling: A Possible Solution to Treat Harmful Microorganisms in Ship Ballast Water

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Microbial Applications Vol.1

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Abstract

Ships carry huge quantities of seawater in a specially designed ballast water tank required to sink in the sea. While loading cargoes, stored ballast water is discharged from ballast water tanks and vice versa. This compulsory exchange of ballast water is taking place for the past many decades. The movement of ballast water results in extensive transport and exchange of billions tons of national water in a global ocean along with many animals, plants, and microorganisms (especially pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and pathogenic yeast). Ballast water exchange and transport results in invasion of unnecessary species into new environment. They accommodate into a new environment and utilize every available natural resource and become dominant. The complete eradication and removal of dominating pathogenic microorganisms is becoming a close to impossible task. These pathogenic species can be removed or their growth can be suppressed using halophilic antibiotic producers, halophilic bacterial bionts from marine invertebrates, and the use of mobile genome (host-specific bacteriophages/viruses). Only such natural methods will eradicate the pathogenic microorganisms from ballast water tank and will clean it. Moreover, the use of antipathogenic microorganisms checks microbial biofouling/invasion of new species through eco-friendly means.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the Registrar of Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, for providing all available necessary facilities. BNR is thankful to University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, for granting Postdoctoral Fellowship. BNR is grateful to Dr. G. Dharni, Scientist E, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai (TN), India, for his valuable guidance. BNR is also thankful to Dr. Satheesh C. Shennoi, Director, ESSO-Indian National Information Centre for Ocean Information (ESSO-INCOIS), Hyderabad (India), and Dr. N. Ramaiah, Chief Scientist, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa, India, for giving a chance to become a part of the International Training Course on ”Biological Oceanographic Processes” organized by the International Training Centre for Operational Oceanography (ITCOocean), INCOIS, Hyderabad, and CSIR-NIO, Goa (India).

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  1. School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, 431606, India

    Bhagwan Rekadwad & Chandrahasya Khobragade

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Correspondence to Bhagwan Rekadwad .

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  1. CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India

    Vipin Chandra Kalia

  2. CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India

    Prasun Kumar

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Rekadwad, B., Khobragade, C. (2017). Microbial Biofouling: A Possible Solution to Treat Harmful Microorganisms in Ship Ballast Water. In: Kalia, V., Kumar, P. (eds) Microbial Applications Vol.1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52666-9_6

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