Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Distraction of the Cranial Vault

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Craniofacial Distraction

Abstract

Building on the early clinical use of distraction osteogenesis by Codivilla and Ilizarov for orthopedic limb deformities [1, 2], and its maxillofacial application by McCarthy for lengthening the mandible [3], distraction was first applied to the cranial vault in 1997 by Do Amaral and colleagues who reported their experience distracting the fronto-orbital region in seven elementary school-aged children with Apert or Crouzon syndrome, with satisfactory results [4]. The following year, Lauritzen described two cases in which cranial springs were used to achieve gradual and effective expansion of the posterior vault and a monobloc segment, respectively [5]. In 1998, Hirabayashi reported the first distraction-mediated fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) in an infant with Apert syndrome [6]. In 2002, Imai and associates described refinement of a cranial distraction protocol in 20 patients with syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis [7].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Codivilla A. On the means of lengthening, in the lower limbs, the muscles and tissues which are shortened through deformity. Am J Orthop Surg. 1905;2:353–69.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ilizarov GA. The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues. Part I. The influence of stability of fixation and soft tissue preservation. Clin Orthop. 1989;238:249–81.

    Google Scholar 

  3. McCarthy JG, Schreiber J, Karp N, et al. Lengthening the human mandible by gradual distraction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;89:1–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. do Amaral CM, Di Domizio G, Tiziani V, Galhardi F, Buzzo CL, Rinco T, Kharmandayan P, Bueno MA, Bolzani N, Sabbatini RM, Lopes LD, Lopes PF, Paiva B, Paiva RM, Turchiari LA. Gradual bone distraction in craniosynostosis. Preliminary results in seven cases. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1997;31(1):25–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lauritzen C, Sugawara Y, Kocabalkan O, Olsson R. Spring mediated dynamic craniofacial reshaping. Case report. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1998;32(3):331–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hirabayashi S, Sugawara Y, Sakurai A, Harii K, Park S. Frontoorbital advancement by gradual distraction. J Neurosurg. 1998;89:1058–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Imai K, Komune H, Toda C, Nomachi T, Enoki E, Sakamoto H, Kitano S, Hatoko M, Fujimoto T. Cranial remodeling to treat craniosynostosis by gradual distraction using a new device. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(4):654–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wall SA, Goldin JH, Hockley AD, et al. Fronto-orbital re-operation in craniosynostosis. Br J Plast Surg. 1994;47:180–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Whitaker LA, Bartlett SP, Schut L, et al. Craniosynostosis: an analysis of the timing, treatment, and complications in 164 consecutive patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987;80:195–206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. McCarthy JG, Glasberg SB, Cutting CB, et al. Twenty-year experience with early surgery for craniosynostosis: II. The craniofacial synostosis syndromes and pansynostosis—results and unsolved problems. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;96:284–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Williams JK, Cohen SR, Burstein FD, et al. A longitudinal, statistical study of reoperation rates in craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;100:305–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. McCarthy JG, editor. Distraction of the craniofacial skeleton. New York: Springer; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Derderian CA, Wink JD, McGrath JL, Collinsworth A, Bartlett SP, Taylor JA. Volumetric changes in cranial vault expansion: comparison of fronto-orbital advancement and posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;135:1665–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Swanson JW, Samra F, Bauder A, Mitchell BT, Taylor JA, Bartlett SP. An algorithm for managing syndromic craniosynostosis utilizing posterior vault distraction osteogenesis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;137(5):829e–41e.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Steinbacher DM, Skirpan J, Puchala J, Bartlett SP. Expansion of the posterior cranial vault using distraction osteogenesis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127:792–801.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Tahiri Y, Swanson JW, Taylor JA. Distraction osteogenesis versus conventional fronto-orbital advancement for the treatment of unilateral coronal synostosis: a comparison of peri-operative morbidity and short-term outcomes. J Craniofac Surg. 2015;26:1904–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Wall SA, Thomas GP, Johnson D, et al. The preoperative incidence of raised intracranial pressure in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis is underestimated in the literature. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;14:674–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Renier D, Sainte-Rose C, Marchac D, Hirsch JF. Intracranial pressure in craniostenosis. J Neurosurg. 1982;57:370–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Speltz ML, Collett BR, Wallace ER, et al. Intellectual and academic functioning of school-age children with single-suture craniosynostosis. Pediatrics. 2015;135:e615–23.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Hashim PW, Patel A, Yang JF, et al. The effects of whole-vault cranioplasty versus strip craniectomy on long-term neuropsychological outcomes in sagittal craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134:491–501.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Spruijt B, Joosten KF, Driessen C, et al. Algorithm for the management of intracranial hypertension in children with syndromic craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(2):331–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Cohen SR, Holmes RE, Amis P, Fichtner H. Internal craniofacial distraction with biodegradable devices: early stabilization and protected bone regeneration. J Craniofac Surg. 2000;11:354–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lauritzen CG, Sugawara Y, Kocabalkan O, et al. Spring mediated dynamic craniofacial reshaping. Case report. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1998;32(3):331–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Lauritzen CG, Davis C, Ivarsson A, et al. The evolving role of springs in craniofacial surgery: the first 100 clinical cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121:545–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Paley D. PRECICE intramedullary limb lengthening system. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2015;12(3):231–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Cheung KM, Cheung JP, Samartzis D, Mak KC, Wong YW, Cheung WY, Akbarnia BA, Luk KD. Magnetically controlled growing rods for severe spinal curvature in young children: a prospective case series. Lancet. 2012;379(9830):1967–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Rinehart G, Forget T, Zografakis J, Manepalli AN, Pittman T. Cranial vault expansion using transcutaneously activated magnetic implants. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1998;28(6):293–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Baird C, Fewings P, Manepalli A, Pittman T, Rinehart G. Cranial vault expansion: a comparison of magnetic coupled distraction to traditional surgical repositioning. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2000;33(1):2–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Goldstein JA, Paliga JT, Wink JD, et al. A craniometric analysis of posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;131:1367.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Nowinski D, Di Rocco F, Renier D, et al. Posterior cranial vault expansion in the treatment of craniosynostosis. Comparison of current techniques. Childs Nerv Syst. 2012;28:1537–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Derderian CA, Bastidas N, Bartlett SP. Posterior cranial vault expansion using distraction osteogenesis. Childs Nerv Syst. 2012;28:1551–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Ylikontiola LP, Sándor GK, Salokorpi N, Serlo WS. Experience with craniosynostosis treatment using posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2012;2(1):4–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Serlo WS, Ylikontiola LP, Lähdesluoma N, et al. Posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis in craniosynostosis: estimated increases in intracranial volume. Childs Nerv Syst. 2011;27:627–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Thomas GP, Wall SA, Jayamohan J, et al. Lessons learned in posterior cranial vault distraction. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25:1721–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Wiberg A, Magdum S, Richards PG, et al. Posterior calvarial distraction in craniosynostosis—an evolving technique. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2012;40:799–806.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Maurice SM, Gachiani JM. Posterior cranial vault distraction with resorbable distraction devices. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25:1249–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Taylor JA, Derderian CA, Bartlett SP, Fiadjoe JE, Sussman EA, Stricker PA. Perioperative morbidity in posterior cranial vault expansion: distraction osteogenesis versus conventional osteotomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;129:674e–80e.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Hopper RA. New trends in cranio-orbital and midface distraction for craniofacial dysostoses. Curr Opin Otolaryngol. 2012;20:298–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Fearon JA. Evidence-based medicine: craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;133:1261–75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Fearon JA, Podner C. Apert syndrome: evaluation of a treatment algorithm. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;131:132–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Samra F, Swanson JW, Mitchell BT, Bauder AR, Taylor JA, Bartlett SP. Posterior vault distraction conveys anterior benefit in Apert syndrome. Boston: American Society of Plastic Surgeons; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Fearon JA. Chapter 35: Syndromic craniosynostosis. In: Neligan PC, editor. Plastic surgery, vol. 3: craniofacial, head and neck surgery, and pediatric plastic surgery. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Francis PM, Beals S, Rekate HL, et al. Chronic tonsillar herniation and Crouzon’s syndrome. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1992;18:202–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Levitt MR, Niazi TN, Hopper RA, et al. Resolution of syndromic craniosynos tosis-associated Chiari malformation type I without suboccipital decompression after posterior cranial vault release. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2012;9:111–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Crocker M, Nesbitt A, Rich P, Bell B. Symptomatic venous sinus thrombosis following bone wax application to emissary veins. Br J Neurosurg. 2008;22:798–800.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Komuro Y, Hashizume K, Koizumi T, et al. Cranial expansion with distraction osteogenesis for multiple-suture synostosis in school-aged children. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20:457–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Komuro Y, Shimizu A, Ueda A, et al. Whole cranial vault expansion by continual occipital and fronto-orbital distraction in syndromic craniosynosto- sis. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:269–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Choi JW, Ra YS, Hong SH, Kim H, Shin HW, Chung IW, et al. Use of distraction osteogenesis to change endocranial morphology in unilateral coronal craniosynostosis patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;126:995–1004.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Steinbacher DM, Wink J, Bartlett SP. Temporal hollowing following surgical correction of unicoronal synostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;128:231–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Taylor JA, Paliga JT, Wes A, et al. A critical evaluation of long-term aesthetic outcomes of fronto-orbital advancement and cranial vault remodeling in the treatment of non-syndromic unicoronal craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;135:220–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Samra F, Paliga JT, Tahiri Y, et al. The prevalence of strabismus in unilateral coronal synostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134(suppl 1):19–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Choi JW, Koh KS, Hong JP, Hong SH, Ra Y. One-piece frontoorbital advancement with distraction but without a supraorbital bar for coronal craniosynostosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62:1166–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Taylor JA, Tahiri Y, Paliga JT, et al. A new approach for the treatment of unilateral coronal synostosis based on distraction osteogenesis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134:176e–8e.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Selber JM, Reid RR, Chike-Obi CJ, et al. The changing epidemiologic spectrum of single-suture synostoses. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:527–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Jarrahy R, Kawamoto HK, KEagle J, Dickinson B, Katchikian HV, Bradley JP. Three tenets for staged correction of Kleeblattschädel or cloverleaf skull deformity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;123:310–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mitchell BT, Swanson JW, Taylor JA. A new single-stage, distraction-mediated cranial vault expansion technique for the multisuture deformity. J Craniofac Surg. 2015;26(6):1923–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Tuncbilek G, Kaykcoglu A, Bozkurt G, Akalan N. Spring-mediated cranioplasty in patients with multiple-suture synostosis and cloverleaf skull deformity. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23:374–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Meling TR, Høgevold H-E, Due-Tønnessen BJ, Skjelbred P. Comparison of perioperative morbidity after LeFort III and monobloc distraction osteogenesis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;49:131–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Nout E, Wolvius EB, van Adrichem LNA, Ongkosuwito EM, van der Wal KGH. Complications in maxillary distraction using the RED II device: a retrospective analysis of 21 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;35:897–902.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Greives MR, Ware BW, Tian AG, Taylor JA, Pollack IF, Losee JE. Complications in posterior cranial vault distraction. Ann Plast Surg. 2016;76(2):211–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. White N, Evans M, Dover MS, Noons P, Solanki G, Nishikawa H. Posterior calvarial vault expansion using distraction osteogenesis. Childs Nerv Syst. 2009;25(2):231–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jordan W. Swanson M.D., M.Sc.

  2. McGregor Integral Cleft and Plastic Surgery Program, Managua, Nicaragua

    Jordan W. Swanson M.D., M.Sc.

  3. The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd. 9th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Jesse A. Taylor M.D.

Authors
  1. Jordan W. Swanson M.D., M.Sc.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jesse A. Taylor M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jesse A. Taylor M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

    Joseph G. McCarthy

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Swanson, J.W., Taylor, J.A. (2017). Distraction of the Cranial Vault. In: McCarthy, J. (eds) Craniofacial Distraction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52564-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52564-8_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-52562-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-52564-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation