Skip to main content

Ovarian Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current State and Future

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death due to a gynaecological malignancy with a 5 year-survival rate of 45%. In Africa, ovarian cancer incidence is predicted to triple in the next 15 years in a background of social, political and other health turmoil within the country. Ovarian cancer is more often than not, diagnosed in advanced stages owing to vague presentation symptoms. In the UK, consolidated efforts are being made to improve identification of early stage ovarian cancer, risk reduction procedures, optimal debulking and appropriate adjuvant treatment. In this chapter we discuss the incidence, pathology and evidence based management of ovarian cancers. Whilst replication of the latter in a resource limited setting such as sub-Saharan Africa might not be possible, each hospital could optimize care for ovarian cancer with a well-designed protocol for radical, palliative and prophylactic treatment of ovarian cancers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdulkareem F. Epidemiology and incidence of common cancers in Nigeria College of Maedicine, University of Lagos Cancer Reg & Epid Workshop April ’09, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrow E, Robinson L, Alduaij W, Shenton A, Clancy T, Lalloo F, et al. Cumulative lifetime incidence of extracolonic cancers in lynch syndrome: a report of 121 families with proven mutations. Clin Genet. 2009;75:141–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolton KL, Chenevix-Trench G, Goh C, Sadetzki S, Ramus SJ, Karlan BY, et al. Association between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and survival in women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. JAMA. 2012;307:382–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cancer research UK, 2016. www.cancerresearchuk.org

  • Dodge JE, Covens AL, Lacchetti C, Elit LM, Le T, Devries-Aboud M, et al. Preoperative identification of a suspicious adnexal mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 2012;126:157–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferraro S, Braga F, Lanzoni M, et al. Serum human epididymis protein 4 vs carbohydrate antigen 125 for ovarian cancer diagnosis: a systematic review. J Clin Pathol. 2013;66(4):273–81. doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201031.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fong PC, Boss DS, Yap TA, et al. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:123–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaughan EMG, Walsh TA. Risk-reducing surgery for women at high risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. TOG J. 2014;16:185–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harding R, et al. Research into palliative care in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(4):e183–8. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70396-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2013: estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. 2012. http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/bar_site_sel.aspx

  • Jacobs I, Oram D, Fairbanks J, Turner J, Frost C, Grudzinskas JG. A risk of malignancy index incorporating CA 125, ultrasound and menopausal status for the accurate preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;97:922–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs I, Menon U, et al. Ovarian cancer screening and mortality in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01224-6. Epub ahead of print.

  • Jayson GC, Kohn EC, Kitchener HC, Ledermann JA. Ovarian cancer. Lancet. 2014;384(9951):1376–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kehoe S, Hook J, Nankivell M, et al. Primary chemotherapy versus primary surgery for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer (CHORUS): an open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9990):249–57. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62223-6. Epub 2015 May 19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kingham PT, Alatise OI, Vanderpuye V, et al. Treatment of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(4):e158–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kinyanjui DM. Gichini LI. Psychosocial impact of a cancer diagnosis on patients and families in Subsaharan Africa. Presented at COSA-IPOS Joint Scientific Meeting 2012, Brisbane. 2012. http://cosa-ipos-2012.m.asnevents.com.au/schedule/session/607/abstract/58

  • Morhason-Bello IO, et al. Challenges and opportunities in cancer control in Africa: a perspective from the African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(4):e142–51. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70482-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NICE. Ovarian cancer: recognition and initial management; National Institute of Clinical Excellence, Clinical guideline, Published: 27 April 2011. 2011. nice.org.uk/guidance/cg122

  • Odukogbe AA. Ovarian cancer in Ibadan: characteristics and management. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;24(3):294–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panici PB, Maggioni A, Hacker N, et al. Systematic aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy versus resection of bulky nodes only in optimally debulked advanced ovarian cancer: a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:560–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parkin DM, Sitas F, Chirenje M, et al. Cancer in indigenous Africans – burden, distribution, and trends. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(7):683–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poveda AM, Selle F, Hilpert F, et al. Bevacizumab combined with weekly paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, or topotecan in platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: analysis by chemotherapy cohort of the randomized phase III AURELIA trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(32):3836–8. doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.63.1408. Epub 2015 Aug 17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Risch HA, McLaughlin JR, Cole DE, Rosen B, Bradley L, Fan I, et al. Population BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation frequencies and cancer penetrances: a kin-cohort study in Ontario, Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:1694–706.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG)/British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (BSGE). Management of suspected ovarian masses in premenopausal women green–top guideline no. 62; RCOG/BSGE Joint Guideline I November 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trimbos B, Timmers P, Pecorelli S, et al. Surgical staging and treatment of early ovarian cancer: long-term analysis from a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010;102(13):982–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings. 2014. http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm

  • Vo C, Carney ME. Ovarian cancer hormonal and environmental risk effect. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2007;34(4):687–700.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winter-Roach BA, Kitchener HC, Dickinson HO. Adjuvant (post-surgery) chemotherapy for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;3:CD004706. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004706.pub3.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kalpana Ragupathy DGO, DFFP, MRCOG .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ragupathy, K., Lekoudis, E., Emovon, E. (2017). Ovarian Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current State and Future. In: Adedeji, O. (eds) Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52554-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52554-9_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-52553-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-52554-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics