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Lymph Formation and Composition

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Lymphedema

Abstract

This chapter will survey our current knowledge on lymph formation from the extracellular fluid, lymphatic circulation, and overall lymph proteomic composition during physiological and pathological states. Generation of the lymphatic fluid depends on hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients operating in the capillary beds. Lymph movement toward the draining node hinges on the pumping activity of the lymphangions and the presence of unidirectional valves. The lymph proteomic composition is generated by a combination of ultrafiltrated plasma proteins with proteins and molecules generated from the metabolic and catabolic activities of each drained anatomical site. Importantly, lymph proteins and peptides contribute to the MHCII-presented peptidome displayed by nodal dendritic cells. Altogether, these analyses have brought new attention to the role of the lymphatic fluid in transporting the «immunological self» and have indicated how physiological and pathological conditions affect lymph composition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10461, USA

    Laura Santambrogio

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  1. Laura Santambrogio
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Correspondence to Laura Santambrogio .

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  1. Center for the Lymphedema and Vascular Malformations, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Byung-Boong Lee

  2. Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA

    Stanley G. Rockson

  3. La Jolla, California, USA

    John Bergan

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Santambrogio, L. (2018). Lymph Formation and Composition. In: Lee, BB., Rockson, S., Bergan, J. (eds) Lymphedema. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52423-8_11

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