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Exploration of Contextuality in a Psychophysical Double-Detection Experiment

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Quantum Interaction (QI 2016)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 10106))

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Abstract

The Contextuality-by-Default (CbD) theory allows one to separate contextuality from context-dependent errors and violations of selective influences (aka “no-signaling” or “no-disturbance” principles). This makes the theory especially applicable to behavioral systems, where violations of selective influences are ubiquitous. For cyclic systems with binary random variables, CbD provides necessary and sufficient conditions for noncontextuality, and these conditions are known to be breached in certain quantum systems. We apply the theory of cyclic systems to a psychophysical double-detection experiment, in which observers were asked to determine presence or absence of a signal property in each of two simultaneously presented stimuli. The results, as in all other behavioral and social systems previously analyzed, indicate lack of contextuality. The role of context in double-detection is confined to lack of selectiveness: the distribution of responses to one of the stimuli is influenced by the state of the other stimulus.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    There are also several uninteresting ways to construct systems of measurements for the conditions and measurements in this experiment. Examples of how to construct them and why they are not interesting may be found in Ref. [7].

  2. 2.

    \(95\%\) confidence intervals corrected by Bonferroni for the number of tests for \(\varDelta {C}\) values in the experiment. However, it should be noted that even uncorrected intervals covered the value 0.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

    Víctor H. Cervantes & Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov

Authors
  1. Víctor H. Cervantes
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  2. Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov
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Correspondence to Víctor H. Cervantes .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA

    Jose Acacio de Barros

  2. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Bob Coecke

  3. City University of London, London, United Kingdom

    Emmanuel Pothos

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Cervantes, V.H., Dzhafarov, E.N. (2017). Exploration of Contextuality in a Psychophysical Double-Detection Experiment. In: de Barros, J., Coecke, B., Pothos, E. (eds) Quantum Interaction. QI 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10106. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52289-0_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52289-0_15

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