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Democracy and Ethics vs. Intelligence and Security: From WikiLeaks to Snowden

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Democracy and an Open-Economy World Order

Abstract

From an academic point of view, the topic of this chapter is placed within the domain of Intelligence Studies which is a sub-field of International Relations and Strategic Studies. Although the domain of intelligence has been characterized in the past as a “missing” and an “underdeveloped and under-theorized” dimension (Andrew and Dilks 1984: 1; Jervis 2007: xix; Scott and Jackson 2004: 1), nowadays intelligence literature has mushroomed, its quality has been considerably improved and it is an established, dynamic and legitimate interdisciplinary field of scholarship (Gibbs 2007: 58; Konstantopoulos and Doga 2015; Rudner 2009: 111; Stafford 1988: 238).

The research for this essay has been partly supported by the University of Piraeus Research Center.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For the development of Intelligence Studies, as well as their research methods, see selectively: Davies and Gustafson (2013), Johnson (2007a, b), Scott and Jackson (2004).

  2. 2.

    Notable exceptions are: Goldman (2006, 2010).

  3. 3.

    For the concept of security see: Baylis (2005), Buzan (1991a, b), Sheehan (2005).

  4. 4.

    Marina Caparini assumes that management and control is part of oversight, while Ian Leigh thinks that oversight is something looser than pure management.

  5. 5.

    Those reports can be addressed to the entire parliament or to a group of deputies representing the various political parties, or to the presidium and their publication can be allowed or prohibited.

  6. 6.

    For the role of ethics in international relations and strategy see: Frost (1996), Gismondi (2008), Hayden (2009), Johnson and Patterson (2015), Lucas (2015), Moellendorf and Widdows (2015), Rosenthal and Barry (2009), Walzer (1992).

  7. 7.

    Assange was granted political asylum from the government of Ecuador and is confined in its Embassy in London.

  8. 8.

    In August 2013, Manning received a 35 years prison sentence for violating the Espionage Act Barkley (2014): 36, West (2015): 199, 214. For his case see: Nicks (2012).

  9. 9.

    Etzioni (2015): 119, Landau (2013): 66.

  10. 10.

    MacAskill et al. (2013).

  11. 11.

    For more details about Snowden’s story, see: Greenwald (2014), Harding (2014).

  12. 12.

    NSA was listening to the conversations of over 35 world leaders Easley (2014).

  13. 13.

    For economic espionage in general see: Fialka (1997), Konstantopoulos (2010a, b), Luong (2007), Porteous (1998).

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Professor Athanassios G. Platias and Assistant Professor Andrew N. Liaropoulos, both at the University of Piraeus, as well as Dr. Markos Troulis, Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Piraeus and Miss Alexandra Doga, PhD Candidate at Panteion University, for their insightful comments.

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    Ioannis L. Konstantopoulos

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  1. Department of Economics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece

    George C. Bitros

  2. Department of Economics, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

    Nicholas C. Kyriazis

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Konstantopoulos, I.L. (2017). Democracy and Ethics vs. Intelligence and Security: From WikiLeaks to Snowden. In: Bitros, G., Kyriazis, N. (eds) Democracy and an Open-Economy World Order. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52168-8_1

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