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Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress pp 33–46Cite as

Injectability Evaluation of Bone-Graft Substitutes Based on Carrageenan and Hydroxyapatite Nanorods

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Part of the book series: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ((MMMS))

Abstract

The first injectable bone substitutes were introduced for orthopedic trauma applications since more than a decade, and over recent years the number of commercial products has dramatically increased. These substitutes can be injected into a fracture space for augmentation as an alternative to bone graft, or around a screw for augmentation if the bone is weak, so the injectability of the substitute must be optimum with a good behavior within and our of syringe. The aim of this work was to study the injectability of substitutes based on carrageenan CG with 1, 1.5, 2.5 and 60 wt% hydroxyapatite HA nanorods. Initially carrageenan and hydroxyapatite were characterized and then injectability tests were performed with the syringe between the compression plates of a testing machine. The material also was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that none of the samples had phases separation and they did not exceed 300 N of force (97.08, 107.84 and 149 N to each material), that the injectability was 95.71, 93.69 and 90.63% and the CG was a good vehicle for HA nanorods. Therefore, the substitutes are adequate for manual handling.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful with Biomaterials Research Group and Colciencias (2016-257 project) for providing the necessary reagents and studies during the development of this project, also they wish to thank to Diego Giraldo from GIPIMME Research Group of University of Antioquia for allowing the use of mechanical testing machine.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomaterials Research Group, Engineering Faculty, University of Antioquia, St 70 Nº 52-21, Medellin, Colombia

    J. I. González & C. P. O. Ossa

Authors
  1. J. I. González
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  2. C. P. O. Ossa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. I. González .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Nanoengineering, MC 0448, University of California-San Diego Dept. of Nanoengineering, MC 0448, LA JOLLA, California, USA

    Marc André Meyers

  2. ESFM-IPN , Mexico City, Mexico

    Hector Alfredo Calderon Benavides

  3. UTN-National University of Technology , Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Sonia P Brühl

  4. Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín, Colombia

    Henry A Colorado

  5. Pratt & Whitney Canada , Longueuil, Canada

    Elvi Dalgaard

  6. Military Institute of Engineering , Rio de Janerio, Brazil

    Carlos Nelson Elias

  7. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Roberto B Figueiredo

  8. Ternium Mexico , Nuevo León, Mexico

    Omar Garcia-Rincon

  9. Division of Materials Sci & Engg, Hanyang University Division of Materials Sci & Engg, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Megumi Kawasaki

  10. Dept. Engineering & the Environment, University of Southampton Dept. Engineering & the Environment, Southampton, United Kingdom

    Terence G. Langdon

  11. University of Concepción , Concepción, Chile

    R.V. Mangalaraja

  12. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería , Lima, Peru

    Mery Cecilia Gomez Marroquin

  13. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Adriana da Cunha Rocha

  14. Dept Chemical Engg & Sci, University of California, Irvine Dept Chemical Engg & Sci, Irvine, California, USA

    Julie M Schoenung

  15. Universidade Federal Fluminense , Niterói, Brazil

    Andre Costa e Silva

  16. Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo Mechanical Engineering, WATERLOO, Ontario, Canada

    Mary Wells

  17. ETH Zurich , Zürich, Switzerland

    Wen Yang

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González, J.I., Ossa, C.P.O. (2017). Injectability Evaluation of Bone-Graft Substitutes Based on Carrageenan and Hydroxyapatite Nanorods. In: Meyers, M., et al. Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52132-9_4

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