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Spin Polarization and Small Size Effect in Bare Silver Nanoparticles

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Complex Magnetic Nanostructures

Abstract

In this chapter, we present the results of studies conducted on the magnetic properties that developed in ultrasmall bare Ag nanoparticles and the critical particle size for developing a sizable spontaneous magnetic moment in the nanoparticles. Seven sets of bare Ag nanoparticle assemblies, with diameters from 2 to 36 nm, were fabricated with the gas condensation method. Line profiles of the X-ray diffraction peaks were used to determine the mean particle diameters and size distributions of the assemblies. Lattice relaxation from the small size effect is clearly revealed in particles with a diameter smaller than 12 nm, where the electron charges are more extensively distributed toward the central regions of the two nearest neighbors. The extension of the electron charge distribution is not isotopic in all crystallographic directions, revealing that redistribution involves not only spherically distributed 5s electrons but also includes directional 4d electrons. The isothermal magnetization M(H a) curves of the particle superspins reveal Langevin field profiles. Contributions to the magnetization from particles of different sizes in the assemblies were considered when analyzing the M(H a) curves. The results show that the maximum superspin moment will appear in 2.6 nm Ag particles. The atoms on the surface and in the core of the bare Ag nanoparticles contribute to the superspin moment. Magnetic field–induced Zeeman magnetization from the quantum confined Kubo gap opening is revealed in Ag nanoparticles smaller than 8 nm in diameter. It is the disruptions of lattice periodicity that trigger the redistribution of electron charges for the development of spontaneous superspin in Ag nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant MOST 104-2112-M-008-007-MY3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan

    Wen-Hsien Li & Chi-Hung Lee

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  1. Wen-Hsien Li
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  2. Chi-Hung Lee
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Correspondence to Wen-Hsien Li .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil

    Surender Kumar Sharma

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Li, WH., Lee, CH. (2017). Spin Polarization and Small Size Effect in Bare Silver Nanoparticles. In: Sharma, S. (eds) Complex Magnetic Nanostructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52087-2_6

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