Skip to main content
Book cover

The Shoulder pp 415–441Cite as

Surgical Management of Shoulder Instabilities

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 1484 Accesses

Part of the book series: Orthopaedic Study Guide Series ((ORTHSTUDY))

Abstract

Shoulder instability may be acute or chronic, traumatic or habitual and can involve unidirectional instability or multidirectional instability. A comprehensive understanding of effective treatment for shoulder instability stems from sound understanding of the mechanisms leading to shoulder instabilities. The mechanisms can be best understood by considering the pathologic changes to the normal shoulder joint anatomy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cutts S, Prempeh M, Drew S. Anterior shoulder dislocation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2009;91(1):2–7. doi:10.1308/003588409X359123.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Bankart ASB. The pathology and treatment of recurrent dislocations of the shoulder joint. Br J Surg. 1938;26:23–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Dumont GD, Russell RD, Robertson WJ. Anterior shoulder instability: a review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis and treatment. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2011;4(4):200–7. doi:10.1007/s12178-011-9092-9 PMCID: PMC3261242.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Robinson CM, Seah M, Akhtar MA. The epidemiology, risk of recurrence, and functional outcome after an acute traumatic posterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(17):1605–13. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.00973.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kim SH, Ha KI, Yoo JC, Noh KC. Kim's lesion: an incomplete and concealed avulsion of the posteroinferior labrum in posterior or multidirectional posteroinferior instability of the shoulder. Arthroscopy. 2004;20(7):712–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Maltz SB, Fantus RJ, Mellett MM, et al. Surgical complication of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV: case report and review of the literature. J Trauma. 2001;51:387–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Zweers MC, Hakim AJ, Grahame R, et al. Joint hypermobility syndromes: the pathophysiologic role of tenascin-X gene defects. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;5:2742–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Voos JE, Livermore RW, Feeley BT, et al. Prospective evaluation of arthroscopic Bankart repairs for anterior instability. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38:302–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Boileau P, Richou J, Lisai A, et al. The role of arthroscopy in revision of failed open anterior stabilization of the shoulder. Arthroscopy. 2009;25:1075–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Petrera M, Patella V, Patella S, et al. A meta-analysis of open versus arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18:1742–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Zabinski SJ, Callaway GH, Cohen S, et al. Revision shoulder stabilization: 2- to 10-year results. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8:58–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Levine WN, Arroyo JS, Pollock RG, et al. Open revision stabilization surgery for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28:156–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Meehan RE, Peterson SA. Results and factors affecting outcome of revision surgery for shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14:31–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Saccomanno MF, Fodale M, Capasso L, Cazzato G, Milano G. Generalized joint laxity and multidirectional instability of the shoulder. Joints. 2013;1(4):171–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Richards R, Delaney J. Syringomyelia presenting as shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1992;1(3):155–61. doi:10.1016/1058-2746(92)90094-j.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Misamore GW. A longitudinal study of patients with multidirectional instability of the shoulder with seven- to ten-year follow-up. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;14(5):466–70. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2004.11.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cooper D, O'Brien S, Arnoczky S, Warren R. The structure and function of the coracohumeral ligament: An anatomic and microscopic study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1993;2(2):70–7. doi:10.1016/1058-2746(93)90003-y.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Yang HF, Tang KL, Dong SW, et al. An anatomic and histologic study of the coracohumeral ligament. 2009;18(2):305-310.

    Google Scholar 

  19. O’Brien SJ, Schwartz RS, Warren RF, Torzilli PA. Capsular restraints to anterior-posterior motion of the abducted shoulder: a biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1995;4(4):298–308. doi:10.1016/S1058-2746(05)80024-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Harryman DR 2nd, Sidles JA, Harris SL, Matsend FA 3rd. The role of the rotator interval capsule in passive motion and stability of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74(1):53–66.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Tetro AM, Bauer G, Hollstien SB, Yamaguchi K. Arthroscopic release of the rotator interval and coracohumeral ligament: An anatomic study in cadavers. Arthroscopy. 2015;18(2):145–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Bennett WF. Subscapularis, medial, and lateral head coracohumeral ligament insertion anatomy. Arthroscopic appearance and incidence of "hidden" rotator interval lesions. Arthroscopy. 2001;17(2):173–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Williams MM, Snyder SJ, Buford D Jr. The Buford complex--the "cord-like" middle glenohumeral ligament and absent anterosuperior labrum complex: a normal anatomic capsulolabral variant. Arthroscopy. 1995;10(3):241–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ferrari DA. Capsular ligaments of the shoulder. Anatomical and functional study of the anterior superior capsule. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18(1):20–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Labriola JE, Lee TQ, Debski RE, McMahon PJ. Stability and instability of the glenohumeral joint: the role of the shoulder muscles. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14(1 Suppl S):32S–8S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Saha AK. Dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint. Acta Orthop Scand. 1971;42(6):491–505.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Warner J, Caborn D, Berger R, Fu F, Seel M. Dynamic capsuloligamentous anatomy of the glenohumeral joint. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1993;2(3):115–33. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(09)80048-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rockwood CA. Subluxation of the shoulder: the classification, diagnosis and treatment. Orthop Trans. 1979;4:306.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Farrar NG, Malal JJ, Fischer J, Waseem M. An overview of shoulder instability and its management. Open Orthop J. 2013:338–46. doi:10.2174/1874325001307010338.

  30. Schneeberger AG. C Gerber. Classification and therapy of the unstable shoulder. Ther Umsch. 1998;55(3):187–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Thomas SC, Matsen FA. An approach to the repair of avulsion of the glenohumeral ligaments ın the management of traumatic anterior glenohumeral ınstability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71(4):506–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kessel L, Bayley JIL. Clinical Disorders of the Shoulder. Churchill Livingstone. 1986;2:189–97.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lewis A. T Kitamura, and JIL Bayley. "The Classification of Shoulder Instability: New Light Through Old Windows!". Curr Orthop. 2004;18(2):97–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Cofield RH, Nessler JP, Weinstabl R. Diagnosis of shoulder instability by examination under anesthesia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;(291)45–53.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Farrar NG. An overview of shoulder instability and its management. Open Orthop J. 2013;7:338–46. doi:10.2174/187432500130010338.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Lee SB, Kim KJ, O’Driscoll SW, Morrey BF, An KN. Dynamic glenohumeral stability provided by the rotator cuff muscles in the mid-range and end-range of motion. A study in cadavera. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(6):849–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lippitt S, Matsen F. Mechanisms of glenohumeral joint stability. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;291:20–8.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Willemot L, Thoreson A. Ryan Breighner, Hooke A, Verborgt O, An KN. Mid-range shoulder instability modeled as a cam-follower mechanism. J Biomech. 2015;48(10):2227–31. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.053.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Pouliart N, Gagey O. Reconciling arthroscopic and anatomic morphology of the humeral insertion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(8):979–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. O'Brien SJ, Neves MC, Arnoczky SP, Rozbruck SR, Dicarlo EF, Warren RF, Schwartz R, Wickiewicz TL. The anatomy and histology of the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex of the shoulder. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18(5):449–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Bayley JIL, Fischer K, Tsutsui H, Matthews J. Functional biofeedback in the management of habitual shoulder instability: a pilot study. In: Takagishi N, editor. The shoulder proceedings of the third international conference of the shoulder, Fukusica, 1986. p. 312–7.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Wang VM, Flatow EL. Pathomechanics of acquired shoulder instability: a basic science perspective. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14(1 Suppl S):2S–11S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Owens BD. Pathoanatomy of first-time, traumatic, anterior glenohumeral subluxation events. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(7):1605–11. doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.00851.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hovelius L, Augustini GB, Fredin H, Johansson O, Norlin R, Throling J. Primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder in young patients. A ten-year prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78:167701684.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Gamulin A, Dayer R, Lübbeke A, Miozzari H, Hoffmeyer P. Primary open anterior shoulder stabilization: a long-term, retrospective cohort study on the impact of subscapularis muscle alterations on recurrence. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:45. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-45.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Burkhart SS, De Beer JF. Traumatic glenohumeral bone defects and their relationship to failure of arthroscopic Bankart repairs: significance of the inverted-pear glenoid and the humeral engaging Hill-Sachs lesion. Arthroscopy. 2000;16:677–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Robinson CM, Kelly M, Wakefield AE. Redislocation of the shoulder during the first six weeks after a primary anterior dislocation: risk factors and results of treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A:1552–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hawkins RH, Hawkins RJ. Failed anterior reconstruction for shoulder instability. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985;67:709–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Pagnani MJ, Dome DC. Surgical treatment of traumatic anterior shoulder instability in American football players. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A:711–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Bacilla P, Field LD, Savoie FH. Arthroscopic Bankart repair in a high demand patient population. Arthroscopy. 1997;13:51–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Zaffagnini S, Marcheggiani M, Uccioli GM, Giordano G, Bonanzinga T, Grassi A, Nitri M, Bruni D, Ravazzolo G, Marcacci M. Long-term outcomes after repair of recurrent post-traumatic anterior shoulder instability: comparison of arthroscopic transglenoid suture and open Bankart reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20:816–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. O’Neill DB. Arhroscopic Bankart repair of anterior detachments of the glenoid labrum. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:1357–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Cameron KL, Mountcastle SB, Nelson BJ. History of shoulder instability and subsequent injury during four years of follow-up: a survival analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(5):439–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Cameron KL, Duffey ML, DeBerardino TM, Stoneman PD, Jones CJ, Owens BD. Association of generalized joint hypermobility with a history of glenohumeral joint instability. J Athl Train. 2010;45(3):253–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Owens BD, Agel J, Mountcastle SB, Cameron KL, Nelson BJ. Incidence of glenohumeral instability in collegiate athletics. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(9):1750–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Owens BD, Campbell SE, Cameron KL. Risk factors for anterior glenohumeral instability. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(1):2591–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Roach CJ, Cameron KL, Westrick RB, Posner MA, Owens BD. Rotator cuff weakness is not a risk factor for first-time anterior glenohumeral instability. Orthop J Sports Med. 2013;1(1).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Groh GI, Rockwood CA Jr. The terrible triad: anterior dislocation of the shoulder associated with rupture of the rotator cuff and injury to the brachial plexus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1995;4(1 Pt 1):51–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Ovesen J, Sojbjerg JO. Lesions in different types of anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation. An experimental study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1986;105(4):216–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Tasto JP, Roberts WO. Shoulder stability testing using the lateral decubitus position. Phys Sportsmed. 1998;26(12):75–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Hovelius L, Augustini BG, Fredin H, Johansson O, Norlin R, Thorling J. Primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder in young patients. A ten-year prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78:1677–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. UG L, Loppini M, Rizzello G, Romeo G, Huijsmans PE, Denaro V. Glenoid and humeral head bone loss in traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014;22(2):392–414. doi:10.1007/s00167-013-2403-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Tirman PF, Steinbach LS, Feller JF, Stauffer AE. Humeral avulsion of the anterior shoulder stabilizing structures after anterior shoulder dislocation: demonstration by MRI and MR arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 1996;25:743–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Wolf EM, Cheng JC, Dickson K. Humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligaments as a cause of anterior shoulder instability. Arthroscopy. 1995;11:600–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Neviaser TJ. The GLAD lesion: another cause of anterior shoulder pain. Arthroscopy. 1993;9(1):22–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Neviaser TJ. The anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion lesion: a cause of anterior instability of the shoulder. Arthroscopy. 1993;9(1):17–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Visser CP, Coene LN, Brand R, Tavy DL. The incidence of nerve injury in anterior dislocation of the shoulder and its influence on functional recovery. A prospective clinical and EMG study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81(4):679–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Stayner LR, Cummings J, Andersen J, Review JCM. Shoulder dislocations in patients older than 40 years of age. Orthop Clin North Am. 2000;31(2):231–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Gerber C, Ganz R. Clinical assessment of instability of the shoulder with special reference to anterior and posterior drawer tests. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:551–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. King J, Wright T. Physical examination of the shoulder. J Hand Surg. 2014;39(10):2103–12. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.04.024.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Babacan M, Kesmezacar H, Ogut T, Cansu E, Erginer R. Radiologic evaluation of shoulder instability: conventional radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2005;39(1):24–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Cook TS, Stein JM, Simonson S, Kim W. Normal and variant anatomy of the shoulder on MRI. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2011;19(3):581–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Rasmussen OS. Anterior shoulder instability: Sonographic evaluation. J Clin Ultrasound. 2004;32:430–7. doi:10.1002/jcu.20064.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Ozbaydar M, et al. Results of arthroscopic capsulolabral repair: Bankart lesion versus anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion lesion. Arthroscopy. 2008;24(11):1277–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Hintermann B, Gächter A. Arthroscopic findings after shoulder dislocation. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(5):545.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Robinson EC, Thangamani VB, Kuhn MA, Ross G. Arthroscopic Findings After Traumatic Shoulder Instability in Patients Older Than 35 Years. Orthop J Sports Med. 2015;3(5):2325967115584318. doi:10.1177/2325967115584318.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Kosnik J, Shamsa F, Raphael E, et al. Anesthetic methods for reduction of acute shoulder dislocations: a prospective randomized study comparing intraarticular lidocaine with intravenous analgesia and sedation. Am J Emerg Med. 1999;17(6):566–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Young TB, Wallace WA. Conservative treatment of fractures and fracture-dislocations of the upper end of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985;67(3):373–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Sonnabend DH. Treatment of primary anterior shoulder dislocation in patients older than 40 years of age. Conservative versus operative. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;304:74–7.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Itoi E, Hatakeyama Y, Sato T, et al. Immobilization in external rotation after shoulder dislocation reduces the risk of recurrence. A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89(10):2124–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Paterson WH, Throckmorton TW, Koester M, et al. Position and duration of immobilization after primary anterior shoulder dislocation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(18):2924–33. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.00631.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Chahal J, Marks PH, Macdonald PB, et al. Anatomic Bankart repair compared with nonoperative treatment and/or arthroscopic lavage for first-time traumatic shoulder dislocation. Arthroscopy. 2012;28(4):565–75. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2011.11.012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Arciero RA, St Pierre P. Acute shoulder dislocation. Indications and techniques for operative management. Clin Sports Med. 1995;14(4):937–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Neer CS 2nd, Foster CR. Inferior capsular shift for involuntary inferior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder. A preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:897–907.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Neer CS, Fithian TE, Hansen PE, et al. Reinforced cruciate repair for anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Orthop Trans. 1985;9:44–5.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Bigliani LU, Kurzweil PR, Schwartzbach CC, Wolfe IN, Flatow EL. Inferior capsular shift procedure for anterior-inferior shoulder instability in athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22(5):578–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Cole BJ, Warner JJ. Arthroscopic versus open Bankart repair for traumatic anterior shoulder instability. Clin Sports Med. 2000;19(1):19–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Cowling PD, Akhtar MA, Liow RY. What is a Bristow-Latarjet procedure? A review of the described operative techniques and outcomes. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B(9):1028–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Patte D, Debeyre J. Luxations recidivantes de l’e paule. Encycl Med Chir Paris-Technique Chirugicale Orthope’die. 1980;44265:44–52.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Joshi MA, Young AA, Balestro JC, Walch G. The Latarjet-Patte procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in contact athletes. Orthop Clin North Am. 2015;46(1):105–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Bhatia S, Frank RM, Ghodadra NS, Hsu AR, Romeo AA, Bach BR Jr, Boileau P, Provencher MT. The outcomes and surgical techniques of the latarjet procedure. Arthroscopy. 2014;30(2):227–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Gartsman GM, Waggenspack WN <>Jr, O’Connor DP, Elkousy HA, Edwards TB. Immediate and early complications of the open Latarjet procedure: a retrospective review of a large consecutive case series. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017;26(1)68-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.05.029.

  93. Agneskirchner JD, Lafosse L. Transfer of the coracoid process in recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder joint. The arthroscopic Latajert procedure. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2014;26(3):296–306.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Wolf EM, Pollack M, Smalley C. Hill-Sachs “Remplissage:” An arthroscopic solution for engaging Hill-Sachs Lesion. Arthroscopy. 2007;23(6):e1–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Purchase RJ, Wolf EM, Hobgood ER, Pollock ME, Smalley CC. Hill-Sachs “remplissage”: an arthroscopic solution for the engaging Hill-Sachs lesion. Arthroscopy. 2008;24(6):723–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Kropf EJ, Sekiya JK. Osteoarticular allograft transplantation for large humeral head defects in glenohumeral instability. Athroscopy. 2007;23(3):322.e1-e5.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Ramhamadany R, Modi CS. Current concepts in the management of recurrent anterior gleno-humeral joint instability with bone loss. World J Orthop. 2016;17(6):343–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Raiss P, Aldinger PR, Kastern P, Rickert M, Loew M. Humeral head resurfacing for fixed anterior glenohumeral dislocation. Int Orthop. 2009;33:451–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Grondin P, Leith J. Combined large Hill-Sachs and bony Bankart lesions treated by Latarjet and partial humeral head resurfacing: a report of 2 cases. Can J Surg. 2009;52(3):249–54.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  100. Moors C, Ahmad CS. Partial humeral head resurfacing and Latarjet coracoid transfer for treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Orthopedics 2009. 32(8). doi: 10.3928/01477447-20090624-21.

  101. Antoniou J, Harryman DT. Posterior instability. Orthop Clin North Am. 2001;32:463–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Boyd HB, Sisk TD. Recurrent posterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54:779–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. McLaughlin HL. Posterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1952;34:584–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Provencher MT, King S, Solomon DJ, Bell J, Mologne TS. Recurrent Posterior Shoulder Instability: Diagnosis and Management. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(4):874–86. doi:10.1177/0363546510384232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Hawkins RJ, Schutte JP, Janda DH, Huckell GH. Translation of the glenohumeral joint with the patient under anesthesia. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1996;5:286–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Krishnan SG, Hawkins RJ, Bokor DJ. Clinical evaluation of shoulder problems. In: Rockwood Jr CA, Matsen III FA, Wirth MA, Lippitt SB, editors. The shoulder. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2004. p. 145–85.

    Google Scholar 

  107. McFarland EG, Kim TK. Laxity and instability. In: McFarland EG, editor. Examination of the shoulder: a complete guide. New York: Thieme; 2006. p. 179.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Cheatham SA, Mair SD. Arthroscopic technique for the evaluation and treatment of posterior shoulder instability. Orthopedics. 2009;32(3):194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Tibone JW, Bradley JP. The treatment of posterior subluxation in athletes. Clin Orthop. 1993;291:124–47.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Pollock RG, Bigliani LU. Recurrent posterior shoulder instability. Diagnosis and treatment. Clin Orthop. 1993;(291):85–96.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Moseley JB, Jobe FW, Perry J, et al. EMG analysis of the scapular rotator muscles during a baseball rehabilitation program. Orthop Trans. 1990;14:252.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Rowe C, Yee L. A posterior approach to the shoulder joint. J Bone Joint Surg. 1944;26:580–4.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Goss TP. Recurrent symptomatic posterior glenohumeral subluxation. Orthop Rev. 1988;1024-1028(1032):17.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Rowe C, Zarins B. Chronic unreduced dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64494–505.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Hawkins RJ, Janda DH. Posterior instability of the glenohumeral joint: A technique of repair. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:275–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Savoie FH. 3RD, Holt MS, Field LD, Bell J, Ramsey JR. Arthroscopic management of posterior instability: evolution of technique and results. Arthroscopy. 2008;24(4):389–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Bottoni CR, Franks BR, Moore JH, et al. Operative stabilization of posterior shoulder instability. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:996–1002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Gerber C, Lambert SM. Allograft reconstruction of segmental defects of the humeral head for the treatment of chronic locked posterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Surg Am. 1996;78(3):376–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Provencher MT, Romeo AA. Posterior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder: challenges associated with diagnosis and management. Instr Course Lect. 2008;57:133–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Neer CS 2nd, Foster CR. Inferior capsular shift for involuntary inferior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder. A preliminary report. 1980. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;62(6):897–908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Altchek DW, Warren RF, Skyhar MG, et al. T-plasty modification of the Bankart procedure for multidirectional instability of the anterior and inferior types. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73:105–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Cooper RA, Brems JJ. The inferior capsular-shift procedure for multidirectional instability of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:1516–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Burkhead WZ Jr, Rockwood CA Jr. Treatment of instability of the shoulder with an exercise program. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74(6):890–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Kiss J, Damrel D, Mackie A, et al. Non-operative treatment of multidirectional shoulder instability. Int Orthop. 2001;24:354–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Hamada K, Fukuda H, Nakajima T, et al. The inferior capsular shift operation for instability of the shoulder: long-term results in 34 shoulders. J Bone Joint Surg. 1999;81(2):218–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Beighton PH, Horan F. Orthopedic aspects of the Ehlers-Daplos Syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg. 1969;51:444–453x.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Pollock RG, Wang VM, Buchieri JS, et al. Effects of repetitive subfailure strains on the mechanical behavior of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Joint Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9(5):427–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Choi C, Ogilvie-Harris DJ. Inferior capsular shift operation for multidirectional instability of the shoulder in players of contact sports. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36:290–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  129. Baker LC, Mascarenhas R, Kline JA, Chhabra A, Pombo MW, Bradley JP. Arthroscopic Treatment of Multidirectional Shoulder Instability in Athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(9):1712–20. doi:10.1177/0363546509335464.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sercan Akpinar FEBOT .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Akpinar, S., Budeyri, A. (2017). Surgical Management of Shoulder Instabilities. In: Huri, G., Paschos, N. (eds) The Shoulder. Orthopaedic Study Guide Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51979-1_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51979-1_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51977-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51979-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics