Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Shoulder pp 159–174Cite as

Joint Sepsis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 1458 Accesses

Part of the book series: Orthopaedic Study Guide Series ((ORTHSTUDY))

Abstract

Pathogenesis, epidemiological and microbiological features of shoulder sepsis are similar to other bone and joint infections, but shoulder joint has some different specific properties. Different surgical procedures for the shoulder may cause postoperative infections. This chapter includes both primary and secondary infections.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Levy O, Iyer S, Atoun E, Peter N, Hous N, Cash D, Musa F, Narvani AA. Propionibacterium acnes: an underestimated etiology in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22(4):505–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Topolski MS, Chin PY, Sperling JW, Cofield RH. Revision shoulder arthroplasty with positive intraoperative cultures: the value of preoperative studies and intraoperative histology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(4):402–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lenski M, Scherer MA. Diagnostic potential of inflammatory markers in septic arthritis and periprosthetic joint infections: a clinical study with 719 patients. Infect Dis (Lond). 2015;47(6):399–409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Di Cesare PE, Chang E, Preston CF, Liu CJ. Serum interleukin-6 as a marker of periprosthetic infection following total hip and knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(9):1921–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Coffey MJ, Ely EE, Crosby LA. Treatment of glenohumeral sepsis with a commercially produced antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19(6):868–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Frangiamore SJ, Saleh A, Grosso MJ, Kovac MF, Higuera CA, Iannotti JP, Ricchetti ET. α-Defensin as a predictor of periprosthetic shoulder infection. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(7):1021–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Grosso MJ, Frangiamore SJ, Saleh A, Kovac MF, Hayashi R, Ricchetti ET, Bauer TW, Iannotti JP. Poor utility of serum interleukin-6 levels to predict indolent periprosthetic shoulder infections. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23(9):1277–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Paosong S, Narongroeknawin P, Pakchotanon R, Asavatanabodee P, Chaiamnuay S. Serum procalcitonin as a diagnostic aid in patients with acute bacterial septic arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2015;18(3):352–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Frangiamore SJ, Saleh A, Grosso MJ, Alolabi B, Bauer TW, Iannotti JP, Ricchetti ET. Early versus late culture growth of propionibacterium acnes in revision shoulder arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(14):1149–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Levy PY, Fournier PE, Fenollar F, Raoult D. Systematic PCR detection in culture-negative osteoarticular infections. Am J Med. 2013;126(12):1143.e25–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mirra JM, Amstutz HC, Matos M, Gold R. The pathology of the joint tissues and its clinical relevance in prosthesis failure. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1976;117:221–40.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lew DP, Waldvogel FA. Osteomyelitis. Lancet. 2004;364(9431):369–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Perlman MH, Patzakis MJ, Kumar PJ, Holtom P. The incidence of joint involvement with adjacent osteomyelitis in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Orthop. 2000;20(1):40–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Morrissy RT, Haynes DW. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: a model with trauma as an etiology. J Pediatr Orthop. 1989;9(4):447–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Blyth MJ, Kincaid R, Craigen MA, Bennet GC. The changing epidemiology of acute and subacute haematogenous osteomyelitis in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83(1):99–102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Martínez-Aguilar G, Avalos-Mishaan A, Hulten K, Hammerman W, Mason Jr EO, Kaplan SL. Community-acquired, methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus musculoskeletal infections in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(8):701–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Yagupsky P. Kingella kingae: from medical rarity to an emerging paediatric pathogen. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(6):358–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tan TQ, Mason Jr EO, Barson WJ, Wald ER, Schutze GE, Bradley JS, Arditi M, Givner LB, Yogev R, Kim KS, Kaplan SL. Clinical characteristics and outcome of children with pneumonia attributable to penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatrics. 1998;102(6):1369–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gutierrez K. Bone and joint infections in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005;52(3):779–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bleckwenn M, Sommer B, Weckbecker K. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis manifested as painful clavicular swelling: a case report. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:786.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Gillespie R. Septic arthritis of childhood. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1973;96:152–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Nade S. Acute septic arthritis in infancy and childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1983;65(3):234–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ernat J, Riccio AI, Fitzpatrick K, Jo C, Wimberly RL. Osteomyelitis is commonly associated with septic arthritis of the shoulder in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;19. [Epub ahead of print]

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lejman T, Strong M, Michno P, Hayman M. Septic arthritis of the shoulder during the first 18 months of life. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15(2):172–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fabry G, Meire E. Septic arthritis of the hip in children: poor results after late and inadequate treatment. J Pediatr Orthop. 1983;3(4):461–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Frank G, Mahoney HM, Eppes SC. Musculoskeletal infections in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005;52(4):1083–106.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Saisu T, Kawashima A, Kamegaya M, Mikasa M, Moriishi J, Moriya H. Humeral shortening and inferior subluxation as sequelae of septic arthritis of the shoulder in neonates and infants. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89(8):1784–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bos CF, Mol LJ, Obermann WR, Tjin a Ton ER. Late sequelae of neonatal septic arthritis of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80(4):645–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Schmidt D, Mubarak S, Gelberman R. Septic shoulders in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1981;1(1):67–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Belthur MV, Palazzi DL, Miller JA, Phillips WA, Weinberg J. A clinical analysis of shoulder and hip joint infections in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(7):828–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Abdel MP, Perry KI, Morrey ME, Steinmann SP, Sperling JW, Cass JR. Arthroscopic management of native shoulder septic arthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22(3):418–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Smith SP, Thyoka M, Lavy CB, Pitani A. Septic arthritis of the shoulder in children in Malawi. A randomised, prospective study of aspiration versus arthrotomy and washout. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(8):1167–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Forward DP, Hunter JB. Arthroscopic washout of the shoulder for septic arthritis in infants. A new technique. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(8):1173–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Lossos IS, Yossepowitch O, Kandel L, Yardeni D, Arber N. Septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint. A report of 11 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998;77(3):177–87. Review

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kelly PJ, Coventry MB, Martin WJ. Bacterial arthritis of the shoulder. Mayo Clin Proc. 1965;40:695–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Hunter JG, Gross JM, Dahl JD, Amsdell SL, Gorczyca JT. Risk factors forfailure of a single surgical debridement in adults with acute septic arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(7):558–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Stutz G, Kuster MS, Kleinstück F, Gächter A. Arthroscopic management of septic arthritis: stages of infection and results. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000;8(5):270–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Jeon IH, Choi CH, Seo JS, Seo KJ, Ko SH, Park JY. Arthroscopic management of septic arthritis of the shoulder joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(8):1802–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Garofalo R, Flanagin B, Cesari E, Vinci E, Conti M, Castagna A. Destructive septic arthritis of shoulder in adults. Musculoskelet Surg. 2014;98(Suppl 1):S35–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Schoch B, Allen B, Mileti J, Sperling JW, Cofield RH. Shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of postinfectious glenohumeral arthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23(9):1327–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Mileti J, Sperling JW, Cofield RH. Shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of postinfectious glenohumeral arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85-A(4):609–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Morris BJ, Waggenspack Jr WN, Laughlin MS, Elkousy HA, Gartsman GM, Edwards TB. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for management of postinfectious arthropathy with rotator cuff deficiency. Orthopedics. 2015;38(8):e701–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Yeranosian MG, Petrigliano FA, Terrell RD, Wang JC, McAllister DR. Incidenceof postoperative infections requiring reoperation after arthroscopic knee surgery. Arthroscopy. 2013;29(8):1355–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Moen TC, Rudolph GH, Caswell K, Espinoza C, Burkhead Jr WZ, Krishnan SG. Complications of shoulder arthroscopy. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014;22(7):410–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Weber SC, Abrams JS, Nottage WM. Complications associated with arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Arthroscopy. 2002;18(2 Suppl 1):88–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Yeranosian MG, Arshi A, Terrell RD, Wang JC, McAllister DR, Petrigliano FA. Incidence of acute postoperative infections requiring reoperation after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(2):437–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Athwal GS, Sperling JW, Rispoli DM, Cofield RH. Deep infection after rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16(3):306–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Herrera MF, Bauer G, Reynolds F, Wilk RM, Bigliani LU, Levine WN. Infection after mini-open rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002;11(6):605–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Horneff III JG, Hsu JE, Voleti PB, O′Donnell J, Huffman GR. Propionibacterium acnes infection in shoulder arthroscopy patients with postoperative pain. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(6):838–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Chuang MJ, Jancosko JJ, Mendoza V, Nottage WM. The incidence of propionibacterium acnes in shoulder arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 2015;31(9):1702–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hammel JM, Kwon N. Septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint. J Emerg Med. 2005;29(4):425–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Zimmermann III B, Erickson AD, Mikolich DJ. Septic acromioclavicular arthritis and osteomyelitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32(9):1175–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Iyengar KP, Gudena R, Chitgopkar SD, Ralte P, Hughes P, Nadkarni JB, Loh WY. Primary septic arthritis of the acromio-clavicular joint: case report and review of literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2009;129(1):83–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Chirag AS, Ropiak CR, Bosco Iii JA, Egol KA. Septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint—a report of four cases. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2007;65(4):308–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Hong MJ, Kim YD, Ham HD. Acute septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae: a rare causative origin. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34(4):811–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Blankstein A, Amsallem JL, Rubinstein E, Horoszowski H, Farin I. Septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1985;103(6):417–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ross JJ, Shamsuddin H. Sternoclavicular septic arthritis: review of 180 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2004;83(3):139–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Nusselt T, Klinger HM, Freche S, Schultz W, Baums MH. Surgical management of sternoclavicular septic arthritis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011;131(3):319–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Song HK, Guy TS, Kaiser LR, Shrager JB. Current presentation and optimal surgical management of sternoclavicular joint infection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:427–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Chun JM, Kim JS, Jung HJ, Park JB, Song JS, Park SS, Lee HS, Ahn TS. Resection arthroplasty for septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012;21(3):361–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Al-Mufarrej F, Martinez-Jorge J, Carlsen BT, Saint-Cyr M, Moran SL, Mardini S. Use of the deltoid branch-based clavicular head of pectoralis major muscle flap in isolated sternoclavicular infections. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013;66(12):1702–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Richards RR. Sepsis of the shoulder: molecular mechanism and pathogenesis. In: Rockwood Jr CA, Matsen III FA, Wirth MA, Lippitt SB, editors. The shoulder, vol. 2. 3rd ed. Philadelphia; 2004. p. 1233–55.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Weber P, Utzschneider S, Sadoghi P, Andress HJ, Jansson V, Müller PE. Management of the infected shoulder prosthesis: a retrospective analysis and review of the literature. Int Orthop. 2011;35(3):365–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Cofield RH, Edgerton BC. Total shoulder arthroplasty: complications and revision surgery. Instr Course Lect. 1990;39:449–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Coste JS, Reig S, Trojani C, Berg M, Walch G, Boileau P. The management of infection in arthroplasty of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86(1):65–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Sperling JW, Hawkins RJ, Walch G, Zuckerman JD. Complications in total shoulder arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(6):563–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Sperling JW, Kozak TK, Hanssen AD, Cofield RH. Infection after shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;382:206–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Beekman PD, Katusic D, Berghs BM, Karelse A, De Wilde L. One-stage revisionfor patients with a chronically infected reverse total shoulder replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010;92(6):817–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Boileau P, Watkinson D, Hatzidakis AM, Hovorka I. Neer Award 2005: the Grammont reverse shoulder prosthesis: results in cuff tear arthritis, fracture sequelae, and revision arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(5):527–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Cheung EV, Sperling JW, Cofield RH. Infection associated with hematoma formation after shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(6):1363–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Kılıç M, Berth A, Blatter G, Fuhrmann U, Gebhardt K, Rott O, Zenz P, Irlenbusch U. Anatomic and reverse shoulder prostheses in fracture sequelae of the humeral head. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2010;44(6):417–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Seebauer L. Total reverse shoulder arthroplasty: European lessons and future trends. Am J Orthop. 2007;36(12 Suppl 1):22–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Werner CM, Steinmann PA, Gilbart M, Gerber C. Treatment of painful pseudoparesis due to irreparable rotator cuff dysfunction with the delta III reverse-ball-and-socket total shoulder prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(7):1476–86.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Wirth MA, Rockwood Jr CA. Complications of total shoulder-replacement arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78(4):603–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Zeller V, Ghorbani A, Strady C, Leonard P, Mamoudy P, Desplaces N. Propionibacterium acnes: an agent of prosthetic joint infection and colonization. J Infect. 2007;55(2):119–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Ince A, Seemann K, Frommelt L, Katzer A, Loehr JF. One-stage exchange shoulder arthroplasty for peri-prosthetic infection. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(6):814–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Wall B, Nové-Josserand L, O’Connor DP, Edwards TB, Walch G. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a review of results according to etiology. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89(7):1476–85.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Martinez AA, Bejarano C, Carbonel I, Iglesias D, Gil-Albarova J, Herrera A. The treatment of proximal humerus nonunions in older patients with reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Injury. 2012;43-2:S3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Klatte TO, Sabihi R, Guenther D, Kamath AF, Rueger JM, Gehrke T, Kendoff D. High Rates of Occult Infection After Shoulder Fracture Fixation: Considerations for Conversion Shoulder Arthroplasty. HSS J. 2015;11(3):198–203.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Levy PY, Fenollar F, Stein A, Borrione F, Cohen E, Lebail B, Raoult D. Propionibacterium acnes postoperative shoulder arthritis: an emerging clinical entity. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(12):1884–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Pottinger P, Butler-Wu S, Neradilek MB, Merritt A, Bertelsen A, Jette JL, Warme WJ, Matsen III. FA. Prognostic factors for bacterial cultures positive for Propionibacterium acnes and other organisms in a large series of revision shoulder arthroplasties performed for stiffness, pain, or loosening. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(22):2075–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Leeming JP, Holland KT, Cunliffe WJ. The microbial ecology of pilosebaceous units isolated from human skin. J Gen Microbiol. 1984;130(4):803–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Patel A, Calfee RP, Plante M, Fischer SA, Green A. Propionibacterium acnes colonization of the human shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009;18(6):897–902.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Dodson CC, Craig EV, Cordasco FA, Dines DM, Dines JS, Dicarlo E, Brause BD, Warren RF. Propionibacterium acnes infection after shoulder arthroplasty: a diagnostic challenge. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19(2):303–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Matsen III FA, Russ SM, Bertelsen A, Butler-Wu S, Pottinger PS. Propionibacterium can be isolated from deep cultures obtained at primary arthroplasty despite intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(6):844–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Achermann Y, Vogt M, Leunig M, Wüst J, Trampuz A. Improved diagnosis ofperiprosthetic joint infection by multiplex PCR of sonication fluid from removed implants. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(4):1208–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Marmor S, Bauer T, Desplaces N, Heym B, Roux AL, Sol O, Rogé J, Mahé F, Désiré L, Aegerter P, Ghout I, Ropers J, Gaillard JL, Rottman M. Multiplex antibody detection for noninvasive genus-level diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(4):1065–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Walter G, Vernier M, Pinelli PO, Million M, Coulange M, Seng P, Stein A. Bone and joint infections due to anaerobic bacteria: an analysis of 61 cases and review of the literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33(8):1355–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Hudek R, Sommer F, Kerwat M, Abdelkawi AF, Loos F, Gohlke F. Propionibacteriumacnes in shoulder surgery: true infection, contamination, or commensal of the deep tissue? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23(12):1763–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Gorbaty JD, Lucas RM, Matsen III FA. Detritic synovitis can mimic a propionibacterium periprosthetic infection. Int Orthop. 2016;40(1):95–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Unglaub F, Guehring T, Fuchs PC, Perez-Bouza A, Groger A, Pallua N. Necrotizing fasciitis following therapeutic injection in a shoulder joint. Orthopade. 2005;34(3):250–2. German

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Braman JP, Sprague M, Bishop J, Lo IK, Lee EW, Flatow EL. The outcome of resection shoulder arthroplasty for recalcitrant shoulder infections. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(5):549–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Cuff DJ, Virani NA, Levy J, Frankle MA, Derasari A, Hines B, Pupello DR, Cancio M, Mighell M. The treatment of deep shoulder infection and glenohumeral instability with debridement, reverse shoulder arthroplasty and postoperative antibiotics. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90(3):336–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Sabesan VJ, Ho JC, Kovacevic D, Iannotti JP. Two-stage reimplantation for treating prosthetic shoulder infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(9):2538–43.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Romanò CL, Borens O, Monti L, Meani E, Stuyck J. What treatment for periprosthetic shoulder infection? Results from a multicentre retrospective series. Int Orthop. 2012;36(5):1011–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. Strickland JP, Sperling JW, Cofield RH. The results of two-stage re-implantation for infected shoulder replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90(4):460–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Stine IA, Lee B, Zalavras CG, Hatch III G, Itamura JM. Management of chronic shoulder infections utilizing a fixed articulating antibiotic-loaded spacer. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19(5):739–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Jerosch J, Schneppenheim M. Management of infected shoulder replacement. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2003;123(5):209–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Themistocleous G, Zalavras C, Stine I, Zachos V, Itamura J. Prolonged implantation of an antibiotic cement spacer for management of shoulder sepsis in compromised patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16(6):701–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Verhelst L, Stuyck J, Bellemans J, Debeer P. Resection arthroplasty of the shoulder as a salvage procedure for deep shoulder infection: does the use of a cement spacer improve outcome? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011;20(8):1224–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Klatte TO, Junghans K, Al-Khateeb H, Rueger JM, Gehrke T, Kendoff D, Neumann J. Single-stage revision for peri-prosthetic shoulder infection: outcomes and results. Bone Joint J. 2013;95-B(3):391–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. González-Díaz R, Rodríguez-Merchán EC, Gilbert MS. The role of shoulder fusion in the era of arthroplasty. Int Orthop. 1997;21(3):204–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. Clare DJ, Wirth MA, Groh GI, Rockwood Jr CA. Shoulder arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83-A(4):593–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Neu HC. Cephalosporin antibiotics as applied in surgery of bones and joints. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;190:50–64.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Lovallo J, Helming J, Jafari SM, Owusu-Forfie A, Donovan S, Minnock C, Adib F. Intraoperative intra-articular injection of gentamicin: will it decrease the risk of infection in total shoulder arthroplasty? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23(9):1272–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Lorenzetti AJ, Wongworawat MD, Jobe CM, Phipatanakul WP. Cyanoacrylate microbial sealant may reduce the prevalence of positive cultures in revision shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(10):3225–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  107. Nowinski RJ, Gillespie RJ, Shishani Y, Cohen B, Walch G, Gobezie R. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement reduces deep infection rates for primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective, cohort study of 501 shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012;21(3):324–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Sabetta JR, Rana VP, Vadasdi KB, Greene RT, Cunningham JG, Miller SR, Sethi PM. Efficacy of topical benzoyl peroxide on the reduction of Propionibacterium acnes during shoulder surgery. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(7):995–1004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Murray MR, Saltzman MD, Gryzlo SM, Terry MA, Woodward CC, Nuber GW. Efficacy of preoperative home use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate cloth before shoulder surgery. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011;20(6):928–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Saltzman MD, Nuber GW, Gryzlo SM, Marecek GS, Koh JL. Efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in shoulder surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(8):1949–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Lee MJ, Pottinger PS, Butler-Wu S, Bumgarner RE, Russ SM, Matsen III. FA. Propionibacterium persists in the skin despite standard surgical preparation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96(17):1447–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Schmid FR. Principles of diagnosis and treatment of bone and joint infections. In: McCarty DJ, editor. Arthritis and allied conditions: a textbook of rheumatology. Philadelphia: Lea-Febiger; 1985. p. 1638.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Deirmengian CA, Patel R. Clinical and laboratory evaluation: Chapter 5. In: Cierny G III, Mclaren AC, Wongworawat MD, editors. Orthopaedic knowledge update, musculoskeletal infection. Rosemont: AAOS; 2009. p. 57–65.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Phadnis J, Gordon D, Krishnan J, Bain GI. Frequent isolation of propionibacterium acnes from the shoulder dermis despite skin preparation and prophylactic antibiotics. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(2):304–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedics and Traumatology Division, Liv Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Mesut Atabek M.D. & Ugur Gonc M.D.

  2. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Gazi Huri M.D.

Authors
  1. Mesut Atabek M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gazi Huri M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ugur Gonc M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mesut Atabek M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Gazi Huri

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Nikolaos K. Paschos

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Atabek, M., Huri, G., Gonc, U. (2017). Joint Sepsis. In: Huri, G., Paschos, N. (eds) The Shoulder. Orthopaedic Study Guide Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51979-1_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51979-1_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51977-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51979-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation