Abstract
Media being the representational space(s) produces and disseminates information and knowledge in mundane shape and size; interpretation and representation. Media played as catalytic role during Colonial rule to unite people against Britishers or after independence to improve agricultural production, sex ratio, literacy rate, etc. through all medium-print, radio and TV and now social media in the country. Both old and new media witnessed: in different proportions at both rural and urban sphere, in all age groups irrespective of gender and, as platform for social movement in the country.
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Notes
- 1.
“Mediascapes refer both to the distribution of the electronic capabilities to produce and disseminate information (newspapers, magazine, television stations, and film production studios), which are now available to a growing number of private interests throughout the world, and to the images of the world created by these media. These images involve many complicated inflections, depending on their mode (documentary or entertainment), their hardware (electronic or pre-electronic), their audiences (local, national, or transnational), and the interests of those who own and control them. What is most important about these mediascapes is that they provide (especially in their television, film, and cassette forms) large and complex repertoires of images, narratives, and ethnoscapes to viewers throughout politics are profoundly mixed. What this means is that many audiences around the world experiences the media themselves as a complicated and interconnected repertoire of print, celluloid, electronic screens, and bill-boards. The lines between the realistic and the fictional landscapes they see blurred, so that the farther away audiences are from the direct experiences of metropolitian life, the more likely they are to construct imagined worlds that are chimerical, aesthetic, even fantastic objects, particularly if assessed by the criteria of some other perspective, some other imagined world. Mediascapes, whether produced by private or state interests, tend to be image-centred, narrative-based accounts of strips of reality, and what they offer to those who experience and transform them is a series of elements (such as characters, plots, and textual forms) out of which scripts can be formed of imagined lives, their own as well as those of others living in other places. These scripts can and do get disaggregated into complex sets of metaphors by which people live as they help to constitute narratives of the Other and protonarratives of possible lives, fantasies that could become prolegomena to the desire for acquisition and movement” (Appadurai 1996: 35–35).
- 2.
Adams (2009, p. 112).
- 3.
Ibid.: 112–13.
- 4.
Black (1997, p. 105).
- 5.
Crampton (2010, p. 45).
- 6.
Lundby (2009, p. 1).
- 7.
Thornaham et al. (2009).
- 8.
Lefebvre (1991).
- 9.
Ibid.: 39.
- 10.
Ibid.: 42.
- 11.
Ibid.: 42.
- 12.
Ibid.: 50.
- 13.
Kohli (2006, p. 272).
- 14.
For details report, see, FICCI-KPMG Report 2012.
- 15.
Stahlberg (2013, p. 31).
- 16.
Ibid.: 53.
- 17.
Ibid.: 54.
- 18.
Sanghvi (2006).
- 19.
Stahlberg (2013, p. 53).
- 20.
Ibid.: 62.
- 21.
Ibid.: 63.
- 22.
See India (2012, p. 755).
- 23.
See India (2012, p. 757).
- 24.
Rout (2006, p. 138).
- 25.
Kumar (2006, p. 156).
- 26.
Rout (2006, p. 145).
- 27.
Ibid.: 148.
- 28.
- 29.
Kumar (2006, pp. 156–57).
- 30.
See for a detail lists prepared by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, New Delhi, http://www.mib.nic.in/WriteReadData/documents/status_220313.pdf, accessed, March 13, 2013.
- 31.
Thussu (2007, pp. 96–97).
- 32.
See India (2012, pp. 774–75).
- 33.
Kumar (2006, p. 156).
- 34.
Jordon (1999, p. 145).
- 35.
IAMAI 2012 reports see, http://www.iamai.in/Upload/Research/31220132530202/Report-Social-Media%202012_67.pdf, accessed, February 12, 2014.
- 36.
Parasar (2006, p. 76).
- 37.
Razdan (2008, p. 83).
- 38.
IAMAI reports see, http://www.iamai.in/Upload/Research/31220132530202/Report-Social-Media%202012_67.pdf, accessed, February 12, 2014.
- 39.
See IAMAI report, 2012. p. 8.
- 40.
Ibid.: 8.
- 41.
Anna Hazare starts hunger strike for implementation of strong Lokpal to curb down the menace of corruption in the country however, he mobilize the peoples against the central government wherein role of the media was evident. The movement was successful at certain extent and aware the people to stand against corruption.
- 42.
Mulvey (2001, reprint 2005, pp. 393–404).
- 43.
Lefebvre (1991, p. 188).
- 44.
A blueprint of the proposed Lokpal bill had been prepared by team Anna members.
- 45.
See for detail, www.tamindia.com, accessed, February 12, 2013.
- 46.
See for detail, www.tamindia.com, accessed, February 12, 2013.
- 47.
Thussu (2007, pp. 593–611).
- 48.
Mitra (2006, p. 53).
- 49.
Thussu (2007, pp. 103–4).
- 50.
Bennett (2007, p. 237).
- 51.
Ibid.: 237.
- 52.
Ibid.: 237–249.
- 53.
See Ministry of Information and Broadcasting for more details http://www.mib.nic.in/WriteReadData/documents/status_220313.pdf, accessed, February 11, 2014.
- 54.
See for detail, interview www.ndtv.com/campaign/milindsoman, accessed, April 20, 2012.
- 55.
Bollywood film actor and gave so many hits films, see for detail, interview, www.ndtv.com/campaign/rabirkapur, accessed, July 13, 2012.
- 56.
Biachung Bhutia was leading football player and he represented India at both national and international tournaments many times. See for detail, interview, www.ndtv.com/campaign, accessed, April 6, 2013.
- 57.
See for detail, www.timesnow.com/ileadindia, accessed, March 16, 2014.
- 58.
See for detail, www.cnnibn.com/summerreading, accessed, June 13, 2013.
- 59.
See for detail, www.thetimesofindia.com/amankiasha, accessed, May 13, 2013.
- 60.
Bennett (2007, p. 240).
- 61.
Saxena (2006).
- 62.
Ibid.: 185.
- 63.
Bennett (2007, p. 247).
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Moinuddin, S. (2017). Mapping the Mediascapes in India. In: Mediascape and The State. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51932-6_2
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