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Regional Development Policies in the Philippines

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The Philippine Archipelago

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Abstract

Is Manila too big for the Philippines? Should the government encourage the development of other areas to relieve the burden on the capital region? This chapter examines the efforts of successive Philippine governments to implement a policy of regional planning for a more balanced development of the country. Integrated development schemes, for example in the Bicol River basin, have given way to a policy in favor of special economic zones and growth centers away from Metro Manila. Among them, the Subic and Clark areas, long known as gigantic American military facilities, are now the focus of an effort to create better business and living environments. Cebu, the Philippines’ second city, is also a recent focus of international development. Future trends are examined with the proposal of the BIMP-EAGA international region in collaboration with Indonesia, Brunei and Malaysia, while there are also calls for a major reversal of the nation’s political and spatial organization through federalism to end the domination of “Imperial Manila”.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Earlier, the Tagaytay City Development Commission (1955) and the Cavite Communication and Electricity Development Authority (1959) had been created by law, but their narrow focus hardly qualifies them as regional programs.

  2. 2.

    http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1983/03/725587/philippines-regional-cities-development-project

  3. 3.

    http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P004498/central-visayas-regional-project-cvrp?lang=en

  4. 4.

    They were originally: San Fernando (La Union ) for region I (Ilocos ), Tuguegarao (Cagayan) for region II (Cagayan Valley), San Fernando (Pampanga) for region III (Central Luzon), Batangas (Batangas) for region IV (Southern Tagalog), Legazpi City for region V (Bicol ), Iloilo for region VI (Western Visayas), Cebu City for region VII (Central Visayas), Tacloban (Leyte ) for region VIII (Eastern Visayas), Zamboanga for region IX (Western Mindanao), Cagayan de Oro for region X (Northern Mindanao), Davao for region XI (Southern Mindanao), Cotabato City for region XII (Central Mindanao). Subsequent subdividing of the regions led to changes: in Calabarzon (IV-A), Calamba came to replace Batangas, Pagadian replaced Zamboanga, Baguio became regional center for the CAR, Calapan for Mimaropa (IV-B), Koronadal for Soccsksargen, Butuan for Caraga, Cotabato for the ARMM.

  5. 5.

    http://www.peza.gov.ph/index.php/economic-zones/list-of-economic-zones

  6. 6.

    http://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/general/philippines/index_e.html

  7. 7.

    Former military sites in Metro Manila have been converted into mixed-use offices and housing complexes for the development of internationally oriented business districts, in particular the “Bonifacio Global City” (BGC), on the site of the old “Fort Bonifacio” at the border of Makati and Taguig in Metro Manila, a few minutes from the international airport (see Chap. 16).

  8. 8.

    Defined as a city with many times the population of the second city of the country, and a multiplicity of functions and attractions that tends to increase its dominance, e.g. Paris in France , Vienna in Austria, Bangkok in Thailand , Seoul in South Korea .

  9. 9.

    https://www.jetro.go.jp/ext_images/jetro/activities/contribution/oda/model_study/earth_infra/pdf/h23_saitaku_10e.pdf

  10. 10.

    In 1988 one such booster said that “Cebu has the trappings of a small NIC on a regional scale. Like Singapore , it thrives on trading and shipping. Like Taiwan , it penetrates the export markets by dint of aggressive marketing of labor-intensive manufactures by small and medium-scale industries. Like Hong Kong , it lures tourists by the planeloads” (cited in Sidel 1998).

  11. 11.

    http://www.minda.gov.ph/index.php/bimp-eaga

  12. 12.

    http://www.adb.org/countries/subregional-programs/bimp-eaga

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    Yves Boquet

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Boquet, Y. (2017). Regional Development Policies in the Philippines. In: The Philippine Archipelago. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51926-5_18

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