Abstract
Metro Manila residents are confronted everyday with the challenges of flooding, substandard housing and horrendous traffic. In this low altitude plain, any significant rainfall raises water levels in many small streams, and contributes to traffic jams. The rapid population growth of the metropolis has led to the proliferation of squatter areas, including alongside flood-prone rivers and railroad tracks. The lack of discipline and of decent garbage management contribute in turn to a worsening of floods when streams are covered with litter. The fast rise in motorization rates, coupled with the many imperfections of the public transport system, make Manila one of the most congested cities in the world. Different possibilities to improving mobility are examined, from a reform of the bus system to the redevelopment of the Pasig River. Manila as a “smart and green” city appears as a distant dream only. The daily management of the metropolitan area, entrusted to the MMDA, is difficult due to the fierce independence of local mayors, The management perimeter of the megacity should be reevaluated to include suburban areas in adjoining provinces, due to urban sprawl and increasing commuting flows. Water management should include the entire watershed of the Pasig River and Laguna Lake.
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Notes
- 1.
Traffic level by frequency and severity of traffic jams; road quality and infrastructure; driver safety based on accidents, road hazards and weather; driver services like access to gas stations and easy parking; socio-economic including access to cars and impact of gas prices; and “Wazeyness” or the level of helpfulness and happiness within the Waze community.
- 2.
Numbeo’s Traffic Index is a composite index, using data on time consumed in traffic due to job commute, estimation of time consumption dissatisfaction, CO2 consumption estimation in traffic and overall inefficiencies in the traffic system.
- 3.
In 2013, the Land Transportation Office registered 7,690,038 motor vehicles in the country. Of these numbers, 868,148 were cars; 1,794,572 utility vehicles (UVs); 346,396 sport utility vehicles (SUVs); 358,445 trucks; 31,665 buses; 4,250,667 motorcycles or tricycles; and 40,145 trailers. The LTO listed a total of 2,101,148 motor vehicles registered in NCR for that year, or 27% of the country’s total.
- 4.
In the absence of fixed salaries, bus drivers and conductors are required to pay operators a fixed amount daily. The “boundary system” means drivers and conductors fight tooth and nail to make sure they get the most passengers. See Chap. 14.
- 5.
The Pasig River is technically a tidal estuary, whose flow direction depends upon the water level difference between Manila Bay and Laguna de Bay . During the dry season, the water level in Laguna de Bay is low and the flow direction of the Pasig River depends on the tides. During the wet season, when the water level of Laguna de Bay is high, the flow is normally from Laguna de Bay towards Manila Bay.
- 6.
Pasig City Pinagbuhatan and San Joaquin (Pasig ), Makati City: Guadalupe and Valenzuela (Makati), Hulo (Mandaluyong ), PUP Sta Mesa, Sta Ana, Lambingan, Escolta, Lawton, Plaza Mexico (Manila).
- 7.
- 8.
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Boquet, Y. (2017). Managing Metro Manila. In: The Philippine Archipelago. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51926-5_17
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