Inadvertently the sources of the figures were not included originally. It has been included now for the below listed figures.

Chapter 1: For Fig. 1.2 and 1.3

Chapter 2: For Fig. 2.3 to 2.11

Chapter 3: For Fig. 3.1 to 3.13

Chapter 4: For Fig. 4.1 to 4.19

In the above listed figures, references have been cited in the figure legends. The corresponding references have been added at the end of the respective chapters.

Juan C. Vallejo

Department of Physics

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Móstoles, Madrid, Spain

Miguel A.F. Sanjuan

Department of Physics

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Móstoles, Madrid, Spain

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