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The Emerging Role of Cardiac Stem Cells in Cardiac Regeneration

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Book cover Imaging in Stem Cell Transplant and Cell-based Therapy

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

The dawn of the new century has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of myocardial regeneration in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Several studies have divulged the existence of resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in heart that have the capacity to proliferate and mature into precursors which, in turn, develop into mature cardiac cell types. Various populations of CSCs have been reported in the adult mammalian myocardium based on the antigen that has been used for their primary isolation. Although the contribution of these cells in maintaining homeostasis in heart is yet debatable, they have been widely explored for their therapeutic efficacy in several experimental models of myocardial injury. A few clinical trials have also been initiated but with little success. CSC therapy is a potent and promising approach for cardiac therapy, however, their efficacy is limited owing to the reduced numbers and survival of the transplanted cells in the infarcted tissue. Several strategies are being explored to enhance the numbers, survival, retention and engraftment of CSCs in the host tissues. In the current chapter, we discuss the basic biology of CSCs, their role in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology and their therapeutic use in experimental and clinical studies. The chapter also deliberates about major constraints in their use and describes approaches that are presently being employed for their activation and expansion, both in vitro and in vivo. In the end, we also give an account of other cells, especially bone marrow-derived cells that are used for cardiac regeneration and how these cells fall in comparison to CSCs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Savneet Kaur Ph.D. & Impreet Kaur M.Sc.

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Kerala, India

    C. C. Kartha M.D., F.R.C.P.

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  1. Savneet Kaur Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Savneet Kaur Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

    Tarun Pandey

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Kaur, S., Kaur, I., Kartha, C.C. (2017). The Emerging Role of Cardiac Stem Cells in Cardiac Regeneration. In: Pandey, T. (eds) Imaging in Stem Cell Transplant and Cell-based Therapy. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51833-6_7

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