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Simultaneous MRI and 18F-FDG-PET Imaging in Multiple Myeloma: A Model for Evaluation of the Disease and Therapeutic Changes in SCID-hu Mice

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Imaging in Stem Cell Transplant and Cell-based Therapy

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy in which abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow manifesting as osteolytic lesions in approximately 80% of the patients. Since bone disease is a hallmark of MM, sensitive imaging techniques directed at the detection of early bone lesions may be predictive of MM progression. Even though the current guideline for assessment of MM involves traditional skeletal survey, its limitations are well documented. However, several techniques have evolved in the preclinical cancer drug discovery including molecular and non-invasive imaging techniques, such as, low dose CT, molecularly targeted PET, MRI, single positron emission computed tomography, ultrasound and approaches like bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging. These techniques hold great promise in early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease and each has its share of advantages and disadvantages. An ideal technique should not alter the subject, should allow repeated measurements during the time course of the disease, should be sensitive enough to detect early disease and should have reasonably high specificity. However such technique is difficult to devise and test directly in human subjects due to technical challenges and ethical considerations and most of the pre-clinical research is done on the small animals.

This chapter will review some of the available molecular and conventional imaging techniques in multiple myeloma with emphasis on the combined use of MRI and FDG-PET scanning in murine model that can accurately monitor the extent and severity of MM, in real time both at molecular and cellular level. In the experience of the authors combining MRI and FDG-PET improves accuracy in screening and therapy related changes in myeloma. This approach can provide strategies that translate into the clinical paradigm and help to understand the biology of myeloma.

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Abbreviations

FDG-PET:

18F–Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography

ASCT:

Autologous stem cell transplantation

BLI:

Bioluminescence imaging

CAR-T:

Chimeric antigen receptor-T

CT:

Computed tomography

DCE-MRI:

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Exp-NK:

Expanded natural killer

hIg:

Human immunoglobulins

iNKT:

Invariant natural killer T cells

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MGUS:

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

MM:

Multiple myeloma

NOD/SCID/IL2Rγnull-Hu:

Non-obese diabetic-SCID-IL2 receptor gamma null-human

PET:

Positron emission tomography

SCID:

Severe-combined immunodeficiency

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by Medical Research Endowment Fund, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. We acknowledge support from Dr. M.J. Borrelli and technical assistance from A. Terri. We would like to thank A. Greenway and J.K. Khan for animal handling support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA

    Tarun K. Garg

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA

    Tarun Pandey

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  1. Tarun K. Garg
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Correspondence to Tarun K. Garg .

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  1. Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

    Tarun Pandey

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Garg, T.K., Pandey, T. (2017). Simultaneous MRI and 18F-FDG-PET Imaging in Multiple Myeloma: A Model for Evaluation of the Disease and Therapeutic Changes in SCID-hu Mice. In: Pandey, T. (eds) Imaging in Stem Cell Transplant and Cell-based Therapy. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51833-6_6

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