Abstract
There are some neonatal and paediatric conditions that deserve a separate description. Although there is overlap between paediatric and adult pathology, differences in anatomy and pathology must be considered when evaluating the paediatric scrotum [1]. These differences, essentially due to the ultrasound appearance of the physiologically or pathologically undeveloped testis (cryptorchid, hypogonadal, etc.), could prove a diagnostic challenge in inexpert hands.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hormann M, Balassy C, Philipp MO, Pumberger W. Imaging of the scrotum in children. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:974–83.
Luker GD, Siegel MJ. Scrotal US in pediatric patients: comparison of power and standard color Doppler US. Radiology. 1996;198:381–5.
Akin EA, Khati NJ, Hill MC. Ultrasound of the scrotum. Ultrasound Q. 2004;20:181–200.
Munden MM, Trautwein LM. Scrotal pathology in pediatrics with sonographic imaging. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2000;29:185–205.
Christensen JD, Dogra VS. The undescended testis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2007;28:307–16.
Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M, Rubens DJ. Sonography of the scrotum. Radiology. 2003;227:18–36.
Muttarak M, Lojanapiwat B. The painful scrotum: an ultrasonographical approach to diagnosis. Singapore Med J. 2005;46:352–7.
Hricak H, Lue T, Filly RA, Alpers CE, Zeineh SJ, Tanagho EA. Experimental study of the sonographic diagnosis of testicular torsion. J Ultrasound Med. 1983;2:349–56.
Pearl MS, Hill MC. Ultrasound of the scrotum. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2007;28:225–48.
Whitaker RH. Undescended testis--the need for a standard classification. Br J Urol. 1992;70:1–6.
Rathaus V, Konen O, Shapiro M, Lazar L, Grunebaum M, Werner M. Ultrasound features of spermatic cord hydrocele in children. Br J Radiol. 2001;74:818–20.
Kollin C, Karpe B, Hesser U, Granholm T, Ritzen EM. Surgical treatment of unilaterally undescended testes: testicular growth after randomization to orchiopexy at age 9 months or 3 years. J Urol. 2007;178:1589–93; discussion 1593.
Sakamoto H, Yajima T, Nagata M, Okumura T, Suzuki K, Ogawa Y. Relationship between testicular size by ultrasonography and testicular function: measurement of testicular length, width, and depth in patients with infertility. Int J Urol. 2008;15:529–33.
Sakamoto H, Saito K, Oohta M, Inoue K, Ogawa Y, Yoshida H. Testicular volume measurement: comparison of ultrasonography, orchidometry, and water displacement. Urology. 2007;69:152–7.
Sudakoff GS, Quiroz F, Karcaaltincaba M, Foley WD. Scrotal ultrasonography with emphasis on the extratesticular space: anatomy, embryology, and pathology. Ultrasound Q. 2002;18:255–73.
Gianfrilli D, Isidori AM, Lenzi A. Segmental testicular ischaemia: presentation, management, and follow-up. Int J Androl. 2009;32(5):524–31.
Alukal JP, Zurakowski D, Atala A, Bauer SB, Borer JG, Cilento BG Jr, Mandell J, Peters CA, Paltiel HJ, Retik AB, Diamond DA. Testicular hypotrophy does not correlate with grade of adolescent varicocele. J Urol. 2005;174:2367–70; discussion 2370.
Paduch DA, Skoog SJ. Current management of adolescent varicocele. Rev Urol. 2001;3:120–33.
Greco E, Iacobelli M, Rienzi L, Fabris GF, Tesorio N, Tesarik J. Birth of a healthy boy after fertilization of cryopreserved oocytes with cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa from a man with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2008;89(991):e995–7.
Ekerhovd E, Westlander G. Testicular sonography in men with Klinefelter syndrome shows irregular echogenicity and blood flow of high resistance. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2002;19:517–22.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Isidori, A.M., Lenzi, A. (2017). Cryptorchidism, Pubertal Development, Hypogonadism and Other Conditions. In: Ultrasound of the Testis for the Andrologist. Trends in Andrology and Sexual Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51826-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51826-8_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51825-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51826-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)