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The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party pp 169–197Cite as

Human Auditory Neuroscience and the Cocktail Party Problem

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 60))

Abstract

Experimental neuroscience using human subjects, to investigate how the auditory system solves the cocktail party problem, is a young and active field. The use of traditional neurophysiological methods is very tightly constrained in human subjects, but whole-brain monitoring techniques are considerably more advanced for humans than for animals. These latter methods in particular allow routine recording of neural activity from humans while they perform complex auditory tasks that would be very difficult for animals to learn. The findings reviewed in this chapter cover investigations obtained with a variety of experimental methodologies, including electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, electrocorticography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Topics covered in detail include investigations in humans of the neural basis of spatial hearing, auditory stream segregation of simple sounds, auditory stream segregation of speech, and the neural role of attention. A key conceptual advance noted is a change of interpretational focus from the specific notion of attention-based neural gain, to the general role played by attention in neural auditory scene analysis and sound segregation. Similarly, investigations have gradually changed their emphasis from explanations of how auditory representations remain faithful to the acoustics of the stimulus, to how neural processing transforms them into new representations corresponding to the percept of an auditory scene. An additional important methodological advance has been the successful transfer of linear systems theory analysis techniques commonly used in single-unit recordings to whole-brain noninvasive recordings.

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Acknowledgements

Support for the author’s work was provided by the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant R01-DC-014085.

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  1. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of Biology, Institute of Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    Jonathan Z. Simon

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California at Irvine Department of Otolaryngology, Irvine, California, USA

    John C. Middlebrooks

  2. University of Maryland Dept Electrical and Computer Engineering, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Jonathan Z. Simon

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Simon, J.Z. (2017). Human Auditory Neuroscience and the Cocktail Party Problem. In: Middlebrooks, J., Simon, J., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 60. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51662-2_7

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