Abstract
The refractory linings in lead furnaces are exposed to several stresses rather complex in their interaction. In the present study the magnesia-chromite brick out of a lead recycling furnace suffered from a high chemical attack by the process slag. The high CaO, BaO and sulfur bearing silicate slag, as well as a high Na2O supply from soda resulted both in a deep-reaching infiltration of the brick microstructure and a severe corrosion of the brick components. Both the sintered magnesia and chromite were attacked chemically. The FactSage calculations showed the formation of high amounts of liquid phase in the infiltrated microstructure. Further phenomena affecting the refractory performance such as iron oxide attack, redox effects, and boron attack are also discussed in the paper. The obtained information and insights serve as a basis for improving refractory materials (i.e., choice of refractories for individual process and new developments) and consequently furnace operations.
References
Recycling Rates of Metals—A Status Report. Available online: http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/24102/PDFs/Metals_Recycling_Rates_110412-1.pdf (May 2011)
R.D. Prengaman, Secondray lead production—a survey of smelters and refineries, in Lead & Zinc ‘05. Proceedings on the International Symposium on Lead and Zinc Processing (Kyoto, Japan, 2005), pp. 73–87
A. Spanring, Refractory application in the in the secondary lead industry. RHI Bull 1(56), 56–62 (2010)
G. Routschka, Refractory Materials, 4th edn. (Vulkan-Verlag, Essen, 2011), p. 505
E. Prestes, A.S.A. Chinelatto, W.S. Resende, Post mortem analysis of burned magnesia-chromite brick used in short rotary furnace of secondary lead smelting. Ceramica 55(61), 61–66 (2009)
L. Wei, Corrosion of Refractories in lead smelting reactors. University of British Columbia, MSc thesis, 2000
L. Scheunis, A.F. Mehrjardi, M. Campforts, P.T. Jones, B. Blanpain, E. Jak, The effect of phase formation during use on the chemical corrosion of magnesia-chromite refractories in contact with a nonferrous PbSiO2 based slag. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 34(1599), 1599–1610 (2014)
D. Gregurek, K. Reinharter, C. Majcenovic, C. Wenzl, A. Spanring, Overview of wear phenomena in lead processing furnaces. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 35(1684), 1693–1698 (2015)
C.W. Bale et al., FactSage thermochemical software and databases. Calphad 26(2), 189–228 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gregurek, D., Reinharter, K., Reiter, V., Wenzl, C., Spanring, A. (2017). Refractory Challenges in Lead Recycling Furnaces. In: Hwang, JY., et al. 8th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51340-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51340-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51339-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51340-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)