Abstract
Currents efforts in marine biodiscovery have essentially focused on temperate to tropical shallow water organisms. With more than 6000 species of marine plants and animals, the Kosterfjord area has the richest marine biodiversity in Swedish waters, but it remains understudied. The overall objective of our marine pharmacognosy research is to explore and reveal the pharmacological potential of organisms from this poorly explored region. More generally, we wish to understand aspects of structure–activity relationships of chemical interactions in cold-water marine environment (shallow and deep). Our strategy is based on ecologically guided search for compounds through studies of physiology and organism interactions coupled to identification of bioactive molecules guided by especially in vivo assays. The research programme originated in the beginning of the 1980s with a broad screening of Swedish marine organisms using both in vitro and in vivo assays, resulting in isolation and identification of several different bioactive molecules. Two congenerous cyclopeptides, i.e. barettin and 8,9-dihydrobarettin, were isolated from the deep-sea sponge Geodia barretti, and structurally elucidated, guided by their antifouling activity and their affinity to a selection of human serotonin receptors. To optimize the activity a number of analogues of barettin were synthezised and tested for antifouling activity. Within the EU project BlueGenics, two larger homologous peptides, barrettides A and B, were isolated from G. baretti. Also, metabolic fingerprinting combined with sponge systematics was used to further study deep-sea natural product diversity in the genus Geodia. Finally, the chemical property space model ‘ChemGPS-NP’ has been developed and used in our research group, enabling a more efficient use of obtained compounds and exploration of possible biological activities and targets. Another approach is the broad application of phylogenetic frameworks, which can be used in prediction of where—in which organisms—to search for novel molecules or better sources of known molecules in marine organisms. In a further perspective, the deeper understanding of evolution and development of life on Earth can also provide answers to why marine organisms produce specific molecules.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are very grateful for all the work that graduate students and postdocs have performed during the years, together with scientific colleagues. Especially, the late Director of Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory, Lars Afzelius (1936–2001), should be remembered for great help in introducing this research programme. Also Martin Sjögren and Mia Dahlström should be acknowledged for the development of the antifouling research. The Swedish Research Councils, Carl Tryggers Stiftelse and the EU project BlueGenics (grant agreement No. 311848) should be acknowledged for financial support. PC acknowledges funding by the EU Horizon 2020 programme SponGES under grant agreement No. 679849.
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Bohlin, L., Cárdenas, P., Backlund, A., Göransson, U. (2017). 35 Years of Marine Natural Product Research in Sweden: Cool Molecules and Models from Cold Waters. In: Müller, W., Schröder, H., Wang, X. (eds) Blue Biotechnology. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology(), vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_1
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