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HIV Infection of Human Nervous System: Neurologic Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Book cover Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Neurology ((CCNEU))

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Abstract

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes widespread annihilation of T lymphocytes along with massive decline and impairment of the cell-mediated immunity, which in turn translates into development of a wide gamut of opportunistic infections as well as malignancies. While acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a systemic infection adversely affecting many organs, it particularly affects and involves the human nervous system. Shortly after seroconversion, HIV enters the nervous system and the infective and degenerative process of neuroAIDS initiates. In the past two decades, with invention and utilization of combination antiretroviral therapy, AIDS has transformed from a lethal disease to a more chronic illness, and more AIDS patients survive than ever before. The neurologic complications of AIDS involve both central and peripheral nervous systems and to a significant degree depend on the extent of ablation of the immune system by AIDS. One particular group of neuropsychiatric impairments due to HIV infection is recognized as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, which addresses abnormalities of memory, concentration, mental focus, and motor skills in HIV-infected individuals. Neurologic complications of HIV infection as well as their clinical manifestations and available treatments are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, USA, 71130

    Christian Cajavilca MD, Debra Davis MD, Oleg Y. Chernyshev MD, PhD & Alireza Minagar MD

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  1. Christian Cajavilca MD
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  2. Debra Davis MD
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  3. Oleg Y. Chernyshev MD, PhD
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  4. Alireza Minagar MD
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Correspondence to Alireza Minagar MD .

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  1. Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA

    Alireza Minagar

  2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA

    J. Steven Alexander

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Cajavilca, C., Davis, D., Chernyshev, O.Y., Minagar, A. (2017). HIV Infection of Human Nervous System: Neurologic Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment. In: Minagar, A., Alexander, J. (eds) Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51220-4_3

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