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Detecting and Monitoring Circulating Stromal Cells from Solid Tumors Using Blood-Based Biopsies in the Twenty-First Century: Have Circulating Stromal Cells Come of Age?

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Book cover Liquid Biopsies in Solid Tumors

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

Abstract

Recent advancements in profiling genomic and proteomic aberrations of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have provided a greater understanding of the underlying biology of tumor dissemination and subsequent metastases. Unfortunately, cancer is a complex disease with cancer growth, progression, and spread all intricately dependent not only on cancer cells, but also on a variety of nonmalignant cell types that make up the cancer environment. The concept of a “liquid biopsy,” which has recently gained great traction in the field of cancer research, revolves around analyzing the proteomic and genomic characteristics of CTCs and circulating tumor debris (i.e., circulating tumor DNA, tumor exosomes). However, a key concern of this single focus is the loss of vital information provided by nonmalignant cancer-associated cells, i.e., circulating stromal cells and circulating immune cells. Even though non-cancer immune cells are required contributors to the malignant behavior of tumors and are in many cases “abnormal” themselves, why is their study in “liquid biopsies” largely ignored? In this new era of targeted cancer therapies, i.e., immunotherapies, which target tumor cells and stromal cells, diagnostics for personalized treatment requires the ability to effectively account for both pro-cancerous nonmalignant cells and malignant cells. Given that blood harbors several circulating tumor-derived cells, representing a circulating metastatic niche, we must reevaluate what defines a “blood-based biopsy”(BBB) beyond conventional liquid biopsies to include circulating stromal cells as potential diagnostic targets.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all of the patients and all of the healthy volunteers who contributed to this study. We also thank Drs. S. Stefansson, D.K. Adams, and C.M. Tang for the help in editing this chapter. This work was supported by the US Army Research Office (ARO) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (W911NF-14-C0098). The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the US Government.

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  1. Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ, 08852, USA

    Daniel L. Adams

  2. Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Massimo Cristofanilli

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  2. Massimo Cristofanilli
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Correspondence to Daniel L. Adams .

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  1. Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Massimo Cristofanilli

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Adams, D.L., Cristofanilli, M. (2017). Detecting and Monitoring Circulating Stromal Cells from Solid Tumors Using Blood-Based Biopsies in the Twenty-First Century: Have Circulating Stromal Cells Come of Age?. In: Cristofanilli, M. (eds) Liquid Biopsies in Solid Tumors. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50956-3_5

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