Abstract
In this chapter the author presents a coding methodology to capture the heterogeneity of trade agreements and to facilitate quantitative analysis departing from qualitative legal differences in trade agreements. The coding is based on whether the provisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) are covered by free trade agreements, as well as whether they are legally enforceable. Then, the author offers a heterogeneity index that is used to analyze the content of a trade agreement. The index can be used in gravity models to estimate the effect of FTAs on trade.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
The dataset is available at http://www.tristankohl.org
References
Baccini, L., Dür, A., & Elsig, M. (2014). The design of international trade agreements: Introducing a new dataset. Review of International Organizations, 9(3), 353–375.
Baier, S. L., & Bergstrand, J. H. (2007). Do free trade agreements actually increase members’ international trade? Journal of International Economics, 71, 72–95.
Estevadeordal, A., & Suominen, K. (2008). Sequencing regional trade integration and cooperation agreements. The World Economy, 31, 112–140.
Fink, C., & Molinuevo, M. (2008). East Asian preferential trade agreements in services: Liberalization content and WTO rules. World Trade Review, 7, 641–673.
Hicks, R., & Kim, S. Y. (2012). Reciprocal trade agreements in Asia: Credible commitments to trade liberalization or paper tigers? Journal of East Asian Studies, 12, 1–29.
Horn, H., Mavroidis, P. C., & Sapir, A. (2010). Beyond the WTO? An anatomy of EU and US preferential trade agreements. The World Economy, 33, 1565–1588.
Houde, M., Kolse-Patil, A., & Miroudot, S. (2007). The interaction between investment and services chapters in selected regional trade agreements (OECD Trade Policy Paper 55). Paris: OECD.
Kohl, T. (2013). I just read 296 trade agreements (UNU-CRIS Working Paper W-2013/9). Bruges: United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies.
Kohl, T., Brakman, S., & Garretsen, H. (2016). Do trade agreements stimulate international trade differently? Evidence from 296 trade agreements. The World Economy, 39(1), 97–131.
Lesher, M., & Miroudot, S. (2006). Analysis of the economic impact of investment provisions in regional trade agreements (OECD Trade Policy Paper 36). Paris: OECD.
Mansfield, E. D., Milner, H. V., & Pevehouse, J. C. (2008). Democracy, veto players and the depth of regional integration. The World Economy, 31, 67–96.
McCall Smith, J. (2000). The politics of dispute settlement design: Explaining legalism in regional trade pacts. International Organization, 54, 137–280.
Rose, A. (2004). Do we really know that the WTO increases trade? American Economic Review, 94, 98–114.
Roy, M., Marchetti, J., & Lim, H. (2007). Services liberalization in the new generation of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs): How much further than the GATS? World Trade Review, 6, 155–192.
Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the world economy: Suggestions for an international economic policy. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund.
World Bank. (2011). Global preferential trade agreements database. http://wits.worldbank.org/gptad. Accessed 18 Dec 2011.
WTO. (2011). The WTO and preferential trade agreements: From co-existence to coherence. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kohl, T. (2017). Opening the Black Box of Trade Agreements. In: De Lombaerde, P., Saucedo Acosta, E. (eds) Indicator-Based Monitoring of Regional Economic Integration. United Nations University Series on Regionalism, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50860-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50860-3_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50858-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50860-3
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)