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In Vitro and Animal Models of Tuberculosis of the Nervous System

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Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System

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Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (TB) is a serious and deadly form of TB which affects young children and human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals predominantly. It is the most critical extrapulmonary manifestation of TB, with a high mortality rate and residual neurologic sequelae. It constitutes approximately 1% of all tuberculosis cases. Although various suggestions have been reported related to the occurrence mechanism of the disease, the mechanism is not entirely understood yet. It is considered that Mycobacterium tuberculosis should pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the occurrence of TB of CNS. The exact entry mechanism of M. tuberculosis to the CNS by passing through the BBB has not been fully elucidated to date. While some authors have suggested that free bacilli directly pass through the endothelial barrier, others have considered that bacilli enter via the macrophages. Various studies in in vitro and animal models have been used for understanding the pathogenesis of TB of CNS.

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Abbreviations

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

CNS:

Central nervous system

CoMTb:

Conditioned medium from M. tuberculosis-infected human monocytes

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

HBHA:

Heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthetase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

TB:

Tuberculosis

TBM:

Tuberculous meningitis

TIMP:

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chest Diseases, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey

    Onur Yazici

  2. Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Ahmet T. Turgut MD

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey

    Mehmet Turgut MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Onur Yazici
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  2. Ahmet T. Turgut MD
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  3. Mehmet Turgut MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mehmet Turgut MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey

    Mehmet Turgut

  2. Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avicenne Military Hospital of Marrakech, Rabat, Morocco

    Ali Akhaddar

  3. Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Ahmet T. Turgut

  4. King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ravindra K. Garg

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Yazici, O., Turgut, A.T., Turgut, M. (2017). In Vitro and Animal Models of Tuberculosis of the Nervous System. In: Turgut, M., Akhaddar, A., Turgut, A., Garg, R. (eds) Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50712-5_39

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50712-5_39

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50711-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50712-5

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