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Late Pleistocene and Holocene Glaciation

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Glaciers of Georgia

Part of the book series: Geography of the Physical Environment ((GEOPHY))

Abstract

The Part 2 includes the information on Late Pleistocene and Holocene glaciation of Georgia. Reconstruction of old glaciation is conducted using the analogy approach both in the Caucasus main range and in the southern highland of Georgia.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In the Alps, Penck and Brückner (1901/1909) concluded that all the glacial landforms they had found could be traced back to four major Pleistocene glaciations (Günz, Mindel, Riss, Würm). This view was generally accepted, and Penck and Brückner’s stratigraphical scheme was applied on a global scale. Only very gradually it became clear, that the Alpine stratigraphy was not the key to all glacial sequences, and that glaciation had set in much earlier than the pioneers of Quaternary research had suspected. More and ever older glacial deposits were identified in Iceland, South America, Antarctica and Greenland (Ehlers and Gibbard 2008).

  2. 2.

    The Mindel glaciation is the third oldest glacial stage in the Alps. Its name was coined by Albrecht Penck and Eduard Brückner, who named it after the Swabian river, the Mindel. The Mindel glacial occurred in the Middle Pleistocene.

  3. 3.

    The Riss glaciation is the second youngest glaciation of the Pleistocene epoch in the traditional, quadripartite glacial classification of the Alps. The literature variously dates it to between about 300,000 to 130,000 years ago and 347,000 to 128,000 years ago. It coincides with the Saale glaciation of North Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geography, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

    Levan Tielidze

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  1. Levan Tielidze
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Tielidze, L. (2017). Late Pleistocene and Holocene Glaciation. In: Glaciers of Georgia. Geography of the Physical Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50571-8_6

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