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Investigating the Freezing of Colloids: Experimental Techniques to Probe Solidification Patterns, Crystal Growth, and Particle Movement

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Book cover Freezing Colloids: Observations, Principles, Control, and Use

Part of the book series: Engineering Materials and Processes ((EMP))

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Abstract

The freezing of colloids is a complex phenomenon, with multiple, interdependent parameters. A proper observation is thus often the first step towards a better understanding. Many concomitant phenomena take place during the freezing of colloids, related to the growth of the crystals, the redistribution and packing of particles, and the interactions between the front and the particles. Observations and measurements, whether direct or indirect, often provide a first, qualitative and quantitative approach. Such observations are valuable to feed the models developed to predict and understand the freezing of colloids, in particular when they become quantitative. This chapter covers both indirect (force measurement, X-ray scattering and diffraction) and direct methods (light, electron, and X-ray imaging, as well as spectroscopy). The various methods cover a broad range of space and time scales required to completely apprehend the various phenomena of interest.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The samples can also be frozen externally and transferred to the observation chamber with a cryo-transfer system.

  2. 2.

    See p. 97.

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    Sylvain Deville

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Deville, S. (2017). Investigating the Freezing of Colloids: Experimental Techniques to Probe Solidification Patterns, Crystal Growth, and Particle Movement. In: Freezing Colloids: Observations, Principles, Control, and Use. Engineering Materials and Processes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50515-2_2

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