Abstract
This concluding chapter reiterates the key argument of the book: regulatory segmentation in the food safety regime, driven by social class-based consumer fragmentation, is pivotal in contributing to the failure of the regime. While revisiting the accesses of four fragmented consumer groups to food of differential safety level, Zhou highlights the social foundation for such differences. Zhou also points out, as some implications from this book, that the segmentation approach is crucial in designing and promoting policy reforms in China, and in understanding the regulatory state with Chinese characteristics in a broader picture.
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Notes
- 1.
“A path dependent process is one whose asymptotic distribution evolves as a consequence (function of) the process’s own history.” Quoted from: Paul A. David, “Path Dependence, Its Critics and the Quest for ‘Historical Economics’,” in Evolution and Path Dependence in Economic Ideas: Past and Present, ed. Pieere Garrouste and Stavros Ioannides (Cheltenham and Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2001), 20.
- 2.
Hood, Rothstein, and Baldwin, The Government of Risk: Understanding Risk Regulation Regimes.
- 3.
The local level branch of AQSIQ is China Inspection and Quarantine, CIQ.
- 4.
Jin, Zhou, and Ye, “Adoption of HACCP System in the Chinese Food Industry: A Comparative Analysis.”
- 5.
Yasuda and Ansell, “Regulatory Capitalism and Its Discontents: Bilateral Interdependence and the Adaptability of Regulatory Styles,” 5.
- 6.
Tianjin Er Shang Group, “Group Introduction”.
- 7.
Liu and Wu, “How Far Can Organic Farms Go?.”
- 8.
Szelenyi, “The Intelligentsia in the Class Structure of State-Socialist Societies,” 288.
- 9.
Lu, Dangdai Zhongguo Shehui Jieceng Yanjiu Baogao [Research Report on Contemporary China’s Social Strata]: 9.
- 10.
Nee, “Organizational Dynamics of Market Transition: Hybrid Forms, Property Rights, and Mixed Economy in China.”
- 11.
Lu, Dangdai Zhongguo Shehui Jieceng Yanjiu Baogao [Research Report on Contemporary China’s Social Strata]: 9.
- 12.
Szonja Szelényi, Iván Szelényi, and Imre Kovách, “The Making of the Hungarian Postcommunist Elite: Circulation in Politics, Reproduction in the Economy,” Theory and Society 24, no. 5 (1995): 698.
- 13.
Gao, “Beijing Shi Kunnan Shiqi Shangpin Gongying Zhuiji [Beijing Commodities Supply in Difficult Times],” 16.
- 14.
See for example: Peng, “Tracing and Periodizing China’s Food Safety Regulation: A Study on China’s Food Safety Regime Change”; ADB, SFDA, and WHO, The Food Safety Control System of the People’s Republic of China (Beijing: ADB, 2007).
- 15.
See for example: Ni and Zeng, “Law Enforcement Is Key to China’s Food Safety”; Zhou and Jin, Food Safety Management in China: A Perspective from Food Quality Control System; Jia and Jukes, “The National Food Safety Control System of China—A Systematic Review.”
- 16.
See for example: Tam and Yang, “Food Safety and the Development of Regulatory Institutions in China”; Dali Yang, “Total Recall,” National Interest, no. 94 (2008).
- 17.
State Council of PRC, “Plan on State Council Organization Reform and Function Transition”.
- 18.
MOH, “Action Plan of Food Safety Standards Clearing.”
- 19.
Yi Yuan Net, “Food Safety Incidents Archive 0-2,” Yi Yuan Net, http://www.39kf.com/focus/spaq/01/index78.shtml.
- 20.
World Bank, “The Political Economy of Policy Reform: Issues and Implications for Policy Dialogue and Development Operations,” ed. Social Development Department (Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 2008).
- 21.
Ibid., 32–33.
- 22.
Shadar Hameiri and Lee Jones, “FPC Briefing: Governing Non-Traditional Security Threats by Transforming State Trends and Challenges,” (The Foreign Policy Center, 2015), 8.
- 23.
World Bank, “The Political Economy of Policy Reform: Issues and Implications for Policy Dialogue and Development Operations,” 39.
- 24.
William Ruckelshaus, “Restoring Public Trust in Government: A Prescription for Restoration,” (The Webb Lecture to the National Academy of Public Administration, 1996), 2.
- 25.
Slovic, “Perceived Risk, Trust, and Democracy: A Systems Perspective.”
- 26.
Dubash and Morgan, “The Rise of the Regulatory State of the South,” 8.
- 27.
Hsueh, China’s Regulatory State: A New Strategy for Globalization.
- 28.
Pearson, “The Business of Governing Business in China: Institutions and Norms of the Emerging Regulatory State.”
- 29.
Dupuis et al., “Top-Down Mandates and the Need for Organizational Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance in China: A Discussion.”
- 30.
Zhihu is a website where users can ask questions in specific areas, including food safety, and volunteers in that area will answer those questions with scientific knowledge or supported by experience. In fact, food safety is a large section with a high popularity in Zhihu due to the low levels of food safety in China, and growing sophistication of the food industry in general.
- 31.
Guokr, “Science Not Rumor”.
- 32.
In fact, many CSA farms attempted to internationalise the safety standards they referred to by obtaining internationally recognised certifications in order to attract more affluent consumers.
- 33.
Barton, Chen, and Jin, “Mapping China’s Middle Class”.
- 34.
See for example: Peirui Zhao, “Safety Governance of Liquid Milk in China” (Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2014); Xiaohong Hu, “Dairy Company Passed BRC Certification of the EU,” Jinghua News, 4 March 2015.
- 35.
See for example: World Bank, Building Institutions for Markets: World Development Report (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 158.
- 36.
Dubash and Morgan, “The Embedded Regulatory State: Between Rules and Deals,” 280.
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Zhou, G. (2017). Conclusion. In: The Regulatory Regime of Food Safety in China. Studies in the Political Economy of Public Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50442-1_9
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