Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the state of informal science education and environmental education in a developing country, Indonesia, and to compare opportunities for informal science education in Bengkulu Province, Sumatra, Indonesia with opportunities for informal science education in North Carolina (NC), United States of America (USA, US). We describe informal science education as well as provide information about environmental education and formal science education in both countries. The chapter includes an overview of pressing environmental issues in each locale. We conclude the chapter with suggestions about how to develop and enhance informal science education opportunities in Bengkulu and in NC. Natural resource conservation education for children and adults, either through formal or informal education, is not well developed in Bengkulu. Formal science education opportunities have not utilized the natural surroundings as a source of learning; therefore, most students are unfamiliar with their natural environment. Additionally, opportunities for direct natural experiences through extracurricular activities are limited. Informal nature groups, which are common in the USA and Europe, such as boy and girl scouts, birding groups and junior park ranger opportunities, are not generally available in Bengkulu. While the Indonesian government has embraced the concept of ‘teaching green,’ this has not yet become best practice, especially in Bengkulu where this concept is still unfamiliar to most teachers and students. Generally in Indonesia, there is more focus on creating new markets in industrialized countries for raw products from Indonesia, and few people are attending to concerns about the diminishing natural resources in the Province. Informal science education could rally the Indonesian people to take appropriate action before their natural resources are depleted or severely impacted.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adisendjaja, Y. H., & Romlah, O. (2007). Pembelajaran Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup: Belajar dari Alam dan Pengalaman. Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Anwar. (2013). The Kerinci Seblat integrated conservation and development project. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTINDONESIA/FLEG/20171740/Anwar.pdf.
Avico, D., Karyadi, B., & Ruyani, A. (2009). Pengetahuan dan Persepsi Guru Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Lebong Utara Kabupaten Lebong Terhadap Keberadaan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Bengkulu.
Belantara Indonesia. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.belantaraindonesia.org/2011/12/organisasi-pecinta-alam.html.
Chiras, D. D. (1993). Eco-logic: Teaching the biological principles of sustainability. The American Biology Teacher, 55(2), 71–76.
Cikananga Animal Rescue Center. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.cikanangawildlifecenter.com/.
Climate Progress. (2014, March 12). Retrieved from http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/03/12/3397541/nc-climate-links-removed.
Coastal Wildlife Refuge Society. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.coastalwildliferefuge.com/grants.html.
Daftar Alamat Pencinta Alam Bengkulu. (2013). Retrieved from http://pa-se-indonesia.blogspot.com/2013/02/daftar-alamat-pencinta-alam-bengkulu.html#sthash.mUa1eIF0.dpuf.
Danusaputro, S. M. (1981). Environmental education and teaching. Bandung Binacipta Publishing Company.
Department of Education. (2010). The no child left behind act of 2001. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html.
Environmental Problems in Indonesia. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/indonesia/environmental_problems_indonesia/.
Envirothon. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/a/ncenvirothon.org/north-carolina-envirothon-program/what-is-envirothon.
Gajah Elephant Training Center in Seblat. (2009). Retrieved from http://gajah-seblat.blogspot.com/.
Global Invasive Species Database. (n.d.). Adelges tsugae. Retrieved from http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp?sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&x=20&y=13&sn=Adelges+tsugae&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&lang=EN.
Green School, Bali, Indonesia. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.greenschool.org.
History of Scouting. (2015). Retrieved from http://scouts.org.uk/about-us/history.
Hughes, R., & Flintan, F. (2001). Integrating conservation and development experience: A review and bibliography of the ICDP literature. London: International Institute for Environment and Development.
Huntsberry, W. (2013, Feb. 6). N.C. State wants to sell its largest forest and invest the proceeds in wall street. Retrieved from http://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/nc-state-wants-to-sell-its-largest-forest-and-invest-the-proceeds-in-wall-street/Content?oid=3268602.
IndexMundi. (2016). Retrieved from www.indexmundi.com/…/north-carolina/percent-of-people-25-years-and-over-with-bachelors-degree-or-higher.
Indonesia Population 2014. (2014). Retrieved from http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/indonesia-population/.
Indonesia Scout Movement. (2014). Retrieved from http://pramuka.or.id/news/index.php.
Indonesia Tourism. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.indonesia-tourism.com.
Inoue, M. (2004). Forest conservation project. Report of the second phase strategic research. Institute for global environmental strategies (April 2001–March 2004).
James, S. A., & Stapp, W. B. (1974). Environmental education. New York: Willey.
Karen Beasley Sea Turtle Rescue and Rehabilitation Center. (2014). A sea turtle hospital on Topsail Island, NC. Retrieved from http://www.seaturtlehospital.org/.
Kelman, C. C. (2013). Governance lessons from two Sumatran integrated conservation and development rojects. Conservation and Society, 11(3), 247–263.
Kerinci Seblat National Park. (2014, August 13). Retrieved from http://kerinciseblat.dephut.go.id/English/ecoturisme.html.
Lewin, K. M. (2000). Mapping science education policy in developing countries. World bank, human development network, secondary education series. The World Bank Washington, DC.
Mallolongan, M. A. (2006). Pedoman Pembinaan Kelompok Pecinta Alam. Direktorat Jenderal Perlindungan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. Departemen Kehutanan, Republik Indonesia. http://ekowisata.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Pedoman-Pembinaan-Kelompok-Pecinta-Alam.pdf.
Manullang, S. (1999). Kesepakatan Konservasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi. Protected Areas Community Development Specialist. The Natural Resources Management/EPIQ Program’s, Protected Areas Management Office. Manggala Wanabakti, Block IV, 6th Floor, Room 624C, Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto, Jakarta 10270.
Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Foy, P., & Arora, A. (2012). TIMSS 2011 international results in mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.
National Center for Education Statistics. (2003). Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/naal/estimates/stateestimates.aspx.
National Park Service, Junior Rangers. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.nps.gov/kids/jrRangers.cfm.
National Park Service, Interpretation and Education. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.nps.gov/interp/.
National Wildlife Refuges. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.fws.gov/refuges/education/natureOfLearning/framework.html.
National Zoo, Education at the National Zoo. (2014). Retrieved from http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Education/.
Natural Learning Initiative. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.naturalearning.org/natural-play-and-learning-area-guidelines-project.
NC Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. (2014). Agricultural history of North Carolina. Retrieved from http://www.ncagr.gov/stats/general/history.htm.
NC Division of Parks and Recreation: Education—EELEs. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.ncparks.gov/Education/eele.php.
NC Division of Parks and Recreation: Education—EELEs. (2001). Hammocks beach state park. Retrieved from http://www.ncparks.gov/Education/docs/habe_eele.pdf.
NC Educational State Forests. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.ncesf.org.
NC Environmental Education. (2014). Retrieved from www.eenorthcarolina.org.
NC Environmental Education, EE Centers. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.eenorthcarolina.org/ee-centers.html.
NC Environmental Education, EE Certification Program. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.eenorthcarolina.org/certification–about-the-program.html.
NC Environmental Education, EE Schools. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.eenorthcarolina.org/ee-schools.html.
NC Forestry Association. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.ncforestry.org/nc-forest-data/forest-products-industry-in-north-carolina.
NC Green Schools Program. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.ncgreenschools.org/recognition.html.
NC Literacy Association. (2002). Retrieved from http://www.ncliteracy.org/pdf/01_02_Statistical_Report.PDF.
NC Museum of Forestry. (2014, August 13). Retrieved from http://naturalsciences.org/visitor-info/museum-of-forestry.
NC Zoo. (2014, August 13). Education—teachers. Retrieved from http://www.nczoo.org/education/teachers.html.
NC Zoo. (2014, August 13). Education—kids camp. Retrieved from http://www.nczoo.org/education/ZooCamp/zoocamps.html.
NC Zoo, ZooSchool. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.nczoo.org/subpages.aspx?pageID=12635&CNM=Zoo%20School&CID=213&subCatID=256&contentPage=true&desc=false&selfID=12849&listingID=4424&tab=tabs-1&singleTab=true.
Placed Based Education. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.promiseofplace.org/Research_Evaluation.
Prakosa. (2003). Tropical rainforest heritage of sumatera, nomination. The Minister of Forestry, the Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta. Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1167.pdf.
Profil Hutan Bengkulu. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.dephut.go.id/uploads/files/2ac12c3f32461578a3848c8a29c53c7a.pdf.
Protected Species in Bengkulu. (2014, August 13). Retrieved from http://www.dephut.go.id/uploads/files/P57_08.pdf.
Putra, R. E., Karyadi, B., & Ruyani, A. (2009). Pengetahuan dan Persepsi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Lebong Utara Kabupaten Lebong Terhadap Keberadaan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (TNKS). Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Bengkulu.
Ruyani, A. (2009). Integrating the message of turtle conservation into a science teaching plan for elementary school in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. Asian Turtle Network.
Santoso, U. (2012). Agenda Riset Daerah Provinsi Bengkulu Tahun 2013–2018. Dewan Riset Daerah Provinsi Bengkulu. Retrieved from https://usantoso.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/ard-bengkulu.pdf.
Schmidt, J. Expert Blog, Natural Resources Defense Council. (2010, May 04). Illegal logging in Indonesia: environmental, economic, & social costs outlined in a new report. Retrieved from www.nrdc.org.
Sjarmidi, A. (2014). Dampak dan konflik pemanfaatan keragaman hayati untuk tinjau ulang pengalolaan kawasan konservasi. Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung Indonesia.
Taman Remaja. (2014, August 13). Retrieved from http://bengkulutoday.com/mirisnya-park-teens-bengkulu/.
Taman Safari Indonesia. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.tamansafari.com/.
Tchir, T. L., Johnson, E., & Nkemdirim, L. (2009). Deforestation in North America. Past, present, and future. Regional Sustainabble Development Review: Canada and USA Regional Sustainable Development Review: Canada and USA (Vol. I). Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada T2 N 1N4.
The National Science Olympiad, Indonesia. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.tpoa-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Panduan-OSN-Year-2014.pdf.
The World Wildlife Fund Borneo and Sumatra. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.worldwildlife.org/places/borneo-and-sumatra.
Tjahyono, S. I. (2007). Refleksi Akhir Tahun 2007: Perusakan Hutan Gagal Dicegah dan Dikurangi.The Indonesian Ngo’s Network For Forest Conservation. Duren Tiga, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760. Indonesia.
Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. (2015). Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1167.
UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2015). Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org.
U.S. Census Bureau, North Carolina Quickfacts. (2015). Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/37000.html.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. (2013). NC threatened and endangered species. Retrieved from http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/es_tes.html.
Wanabakti. (2013). Retrieved from http://wanabakti-ponorogo.blogspot.com/2010/09/apa-Sich-saka-Wanabakti-itu.html.
Wells, M., Brandon, K., & Hannah, L. (1992). People and parks: Linking protected area management with local communities (Vol. 1). Summary. Retrieved from http://go.worldbank.org/CB2QDEVGH0.
Winarni, E. W. (2009). Mengajar ilmu pengetahuan alam secara bermakna (pp. 94–110). Universitas Bengkulu Press.
Wiryono. (2002, June 6). Low appreciation of conservation: The disastrous results. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from https://wiryonounib.wordpress.com/2010/03/25/low-appreciation-of-conservation-the-disastrous-results/#more-9.
Wiryono Hidayat, M. F., Hidarto, K. S., & Ruyani, A. (2009). Rencana Induk Pengembangan Hutan Kampus Pendidikan Konservasi. Universitas Bengkulu. Bengkulu.
World Bank, Population Growth. (2015). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW.
World Data Atlas. (2015). Retrieved from http://knoema.com/atlas/Indonesia/Bengkulu/Literacy-Rate.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ruyani, A., Matthews, C.E. (2017). A Comparative Look at Informal Science Education and Environmental Education in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia and North Carolina, USA. In: Patrick, P. (eds) Preparing Informal Science Educators. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50398-1_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50398-1_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50396-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50398-1
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)