Abstract
Three dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography is a powerful diagnostic modality used to assess cardiac anatomy and function, with many advantages over other previous techniques.
As compared with transthoracic echocardiography, transoesophageal echocardiography had the advantage of superior visualization of posterior cardiac structures because the close proximity of the oesophagus to the posteromedial heart with the absence of artefacts due to lung and bone. In addition, this proximity permitted the use of high-frequency imaging transducers that afford superior spatial resolution.
The emergence of three dimensional echocardiography allows to assess the spatial relationships of different cardiac structures, offers a lot of projections and different views and obtains volumetric data without geometric assumptions. In general, three dimensional transoesophageal is a more accurate technique for the study of intracardiac masses, septal defects and specially to define the valve function and morphology. It plays a relevant role in the decision-making process and in monitoring catheter-based procedures.
In the present chapter we present the key features of this emerging three dimensional technology, the general aspects for acquisition of a three dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography study, and review its applications, including: cardiac chambers and devices, cardiac valves, interatrial septum and venous drainage, and finally, general aspects of congenital diseases.
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Abbreviations
- AV:
-
Aortic valve
- ECG:
-
Electrocardiography
- LA:
-
Left atrium
- LAA:
-
Left atrial appendage
- LV:
-
Left ventricle
- LVOT:
-
Left ventricular out flow tract
- ME:
-
Mid esophageal
- MV:
-
Mitral valve
- PV:
-
Pulmonary valve
- RA:
-
Right atrium
- RV:
-
Right ventricle
- TEE:
-
Transesophageal echocardiography
- TTE:
-
Transthoracic echocardiography
- TV:
-
Tricuspid valve
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Martín, A.G., de la Cal, T.S., Sanz, C.F. (2017). General Aspects of Transesophageal 3D-Echo. In: Casas Rojo, E., Fernandez-Golfin, C., Zamorano, J. (eds) Manual of 3D Echocardiography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50335-6_3
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