Abstract
Weitzer (2009) notes that the sex work employment triangle involves three groups: workers, clients, and various third parties; the latter includes pimps, facilitators, brokers, managers, and others who help organize or facilitate sex work. Our research focuses on the third group, and in particular on managers who work in legal or licensed sex industry businesses. We gathered data in 2013 from 43 managers of escort agency and massage parlor businesses in five Canadian census metropolitan areas. Following Weitzer’s (2009) recommendation, managers were interviewed as part of larger study that included people who sell and who purchase sexual services. We argue that one central responsibility of managers is to prevent and intercede in conflicts between workers and clients, as well as between workers, and that managers play an important role in the occupational health and safety of sex industry populations. These findings make a novel contribution to the sociology of service work literature; they are also important in the context of recent legal changes in Canada which made commercial-sex businesses and third-party material benefits from them, illegal.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Atchison, C. (2010). Report of the Preliminary Findings for Johns’ Voice: A Study of Adult Canadian Sex Buyers. Downloaded September 30, 2015 from: http://johnsvoice.ca/docs/JOHNS_VOICE_GENERAL_RESULTS_EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY_FINAL_DIST.pdf
Bélanger, J., & Edwards, P. (2013). The nature of front-line service work: Distinctive features and continuity in the employment relationship. Work, Employment & Society, 27(3), 433–450.
Benoit, C., McCarthy, B., & Jansson, M. (2015). Stigma, sex work, and substance use: A comparative analysis. Sociology of Health & Illness, 37(3), 437–451.
Benoit, C., & Shumka, L. (2015). Sex work in Canada. Available at: http://www.understandingsexwork.com
Benoit, C., Atchison, C., Casey, L., Jansson, M., McCarthy, B., Phillips, R., et al. (2014). A “Working Paper” Prepared as Background to Building on the Evidence: An International Symposium on the Sex Industry in Canada. Downloaded on September 20, 2015 from: http://www.understandingsexwork.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/Team%20Grant%20Working%20Paper%201%20CBenoit%20et%20al%20%20September%2018%202014.pdf
Benoit, C., Shumka, L., Vallance, K., Hallgrimsdottir, H., Phillips, R., Kobayashi, K., et al. (2009). Explaining the health gap experienced by girls and women in Canada: A social determinants of health perspective. Sociological Research Online, 14(5), 9.
Bolton, S. C., & Houlihan, M. (2010). Bermuda revisited? Management power and powerlessness in the worker–manager–customer triangle. Work and Occupations, 37(3), 378–403.
Brady, D., Biradavolu, M., & Blankenship, K. M. (2015). Brokers and the earnings of female sex workers in India. American Sociological Review, 80(6), 1123–1149.
Bruckert, C., & Law, T. (2013). Beyond pimps, procurers and parasites: Third parties in the incall/outcall sex industry. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Management Project, University of Ottawa.
Buschi, E. (2014). Sex work and violence: Focusing on managers in the indoor sex industry. Sexualities, 17(5/6), 724–741.
Callaghan, G., & Thompson, P. (2001). Edwards revisited: Technical control and call centres. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 22(1), 13–37.
Chapkis, W. (2000). Power and control in the commercial sex trade. In R. Weitzer (Ed.), Sex for sale (pp. 181–201). New York: Routledge.
Craig, E. (2011). Sex work bylaw: Bedford’s impact on the municipal regulation of the sex trade. Review of Constitutional Studies, 16(1), 205–225.
Edwards, R. (1979). Contested terrain: The transformation of the workplace in the twentieth century. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Farley, M. (2004). “Bad for the body, bad for the heart”: Prostitution harms women even if legalized or decriminalized. Violence Against Women, 10(10), 1087–1125.
Gillies, K. (2013). A wolf in sheep’s clothing: Canadian anti-pimping law and how it harms sex workers. In E. van der Meulen, E. M. Durisin, & V. Love (Eds.), Selling sex: Experience, advocacy, and research on sex work in Canada (pp. 269–278). Vancouver, BC, Canada: UBC Press.
Godin, I., & Kittel, F. (2004). Differential economic stability and psychosocial stress at work: Associations with psychosomatic complaints and absenteeism. Social Science & Medicine, 58(8), 1543–1553.
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Jeffrey, L. A., & MacDonald, G. (2006). “It’s the money, honey”: The economy of sex work in the Maritimes. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 43, 313–327.
Jocoy, C. L. (2003). Vying for hearts and minds: Emotional labor as management control. Labour & Industry, 13(3), 51–72.
Korczynski, M. (2002). Human resource management in service work. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Korczynski, M. (2007). Service work, social theory, and collectivism: A reply to Brook. Work, Employment & Society, 21(3), 577–588.
Korczynski, M., & Ott, U. (2004). When production and consumption meet: Cultural contradictions and the enchanting myth of customer sovereignty. Journal of Management Studies, 41(4), 575–599.
Leidner, R. (2006). Identity and work. In M. Korzynski, R. Hodson, & P. K. Edwards (Eds.), Social theory at work (pp. 424–463). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Lopez, S. H. (2010). Workers, managers, and customers: Triangles of power in work communities. Work and Occupations, 37(3), 251–271.
Marcus, A., Horning, A., Curtis, R., Sanson, J., & Thompson, E. (2014). Conflict and agency among sex workers and pimps: A closer look at domestic minor sex trafficking. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 653(1), 225–246.
McCarthy, B., Benoit, C., & Jansson, M. (2014). Sex work: A comparative study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(7), 1379–1390.
McCarthy, B., Benoit, C., Jansson, M., & Kolar, K. (2012). Regulating sex work: Heterogeneity in legal strategies for controlling prostitution. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8, 255–271.
Morselli, C., & Savoie-Gargiso, I. (2014). Coercion, control, cooperation in a prostitution ring. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 653(1), 247–265.
Mossman, E. (2010). Brothel operators’ and support agencies’ experiences of decriminalisation. In G. Abel, L. Fitzgerald, C. Healy, & A. Taylor (Eds.), Taking the crime out of sex work: New Zealand sex workers’ fight for decriminalisation (pp. 119–139). Bristol: University of Bristol Policy Press.
Murphy, A., & Venkatesh, S. (2006). Vice careers: The changing contours of sex work in New York City. Qualitative Sociology, 29, 129–154.
Phillips, R., Benoit, C., Hallgrimsdottir, H., & Vallance, K. (2012). Courtesy stigma: A hidden health concern among front-line service providers to sex workers. Sociology of Health & Illness, 34(5), 681–696.
Reimer, J. J. (2006). Global production sharing and trade in the services of factors. Journal of International Economics, 68(2), 384–408.
Sallaz, J. J. (2002). The house rules autonomy and interests among service workers in the contemporary casino industry. Work and Occupations, 29(4), 394–427.
Sanders, T. (2005). “It’s just acting”: Sex workers’ strategies for capitalizing on sexuality. Gender, Work & Organization, 12(4), 319–342.
Weitzer, R. (2009). Sociology of sex work. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 212–234.
Williams, C. L., & Connell, C. (2010). ‘Looking good and sounding right’. Aesthetic labor and social inequality in the retail industry. Work and Occupations, 37(3), 349–377.
Zhang, S. (2011). Woman pullers: Pimping and sex trafficking in a Mexican border city. Crime, Law and Social Change, 56(5), 509–528.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Casey, L. et al. (2017). Managing Conflict: An Examination of Three-Way Alliances in Canadian Escort and Massage Businesses. In: Horning, A., Marcus, A. (eds) Third Party Sex Work and Pimps in the Age of Anti-trafficking. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50305-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50305-9_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50303-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50305-9
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)