Abstract
Signals which are sufficiently stationary permit highly efficient coding in the frequency domain. Such signals include speech signals such as sustained vowels and prolonged fricatives, as well as generic audio signals such as music and mixed material. The main components of frequency domain coding methods include windowing, a time-frequency transform, perceptual modelling and entropy coding of the spectral components. This chapter gives an overview of such transform domain coding methods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
3GPP. TS 26.445, EVS Codec Detailed Algorithmic Description; 3GPP Technical Specification (Release 12), 2014
Allen, J.: Short-term spectral analysis, and modification by discrete fourier transform. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 25, 235–238 (1977)
Bosi, M., Goldberg, R.E.: Introduction to Digital Audio Coding and Standards. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2003)
Bäckström, T.: Comparison of windowing in speech and audio coding. In: Proceedings of WASPAA, New Paltz, USA (2013)
Bäckström, T.: Vandermonde factorization of Toeplitz matrices and applications in filtering and warping. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 61(24), 6257–6263 (2013)
Bäckström, T., Helmrich, C.R.: Decorrelated innovative codebooks for ACELP using factorization of autocorrelation matrix. In: Proceedings of Interspeech, pp. 2794–2798 (2014)
Bäckström, T., Helmrich, C.R.: Arithmetic coding of speech and audio spectra using TCX based on linear predictive spectral envelopes. In: Proceedings of ICASSP, pp. 5127–5131 (2015)
Edler, B.: Codierung von audiosignalen mit Überlappender transformation und adaptiven fensterfunktionen. Frequenz 43(9), 252–256 (1989)
Eksler, V., Jelínek, M., Salami, R.: Efficient handling of mode switching and speech transitions in the EVS codec. In: Proceedings of ICASSP, Brisbane, Australia, IEEE (2015)
Fischer, T.: A pyramid vector quantizer. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-32(4), 568–583 (1986)
Fuchs, G., Subbaraman, V., Multrus, M.: Efficient context adaptive entropy coding for real-time applications. In: Proceedings of ICASSP, IEEE, pp. 493–496 (2011)
Gersho, A., Gray, R.M.: Vector Quantization and Signal Compression. Springer, Berlin (1992)
Harris, F.J.: On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete fourier transform. Proc. IEEE 66(1), 51–83 (1978)
Huffman, D.A.: A method for the construction of minimum redundancy codes. Proc. IRE 40(9), 1098–1101 (1952)
ISO/IEC 23003–3:2012. MPEG-D (MPEG audio technologies), Part 3: Unified speech and audio coding (2012)
Malvar, H.S.: Lapped transforms for efficient transform/subband coding. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 38(6), 969–978 (1990)
Malvar, H.S.: Signal Processing with Lapped Transforms. Artech House, Inc. (1992)
Mitra, S.K.: Digital Signal Processing: A Computer-Based Approach. McGraw-Hill, New York (1998)
Mäkinen, J., Bessette, B., Bruhn, S., Ojala, P., Salami, R., Taleb, A.: AMR-WB+: a new audio coding standard for 3rd generation mobile audio services. Proc. ICASSP 2, 1109–1112 (2005)
Rissanen, J., Langdon, G.G.: Arithmetic coding. IBM J. Res. Dev. 23(2), 149–162 (1979)
Sanchez, V.E., Adoul, J.-P.: Low-delay wideband speech coding using a new frequency domain approach. In: Proceedings of ICASSP, IEEE, vol. 2, pp. 415–418 (1993)
Svedberg, J., Grancharov, V., Sverrisson, S., Norvell, E., Toftgård, T., Pobloth, H., Bruhn, S.: MDCT audio coding with pulse vector quantizers. In: Proceedings of ICASSP, pp. 5937–5941 (2015)
Valin, J.-M., Maxwell, G., Terriberry, T.B., Vos, K.: High-quality, low-delay music coding in the OPUS codec. In: Audio Engineering Society Convention 135. Audio Engineering Society (2013)
Witten, I.H., Neal, R.M., Cleary, J.G.: Arithmetic coding for data compression. Commun. ACM 30(6), 520–540 (1987)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bäckström, T. (2017). Frequency Domain Coding. In: Speech Coding. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50204-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50204-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50202-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50204-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)