Abstract
This chapter presents the frequency and voltage regulation and the energy management strategy for an AC islanded microgrid based on distributed energy storage and Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The primary control in AC microgrids makes it possible to achieve real and reactive power sharing between the distributed inverters. This is usually performed through droop methods, thereby avoiding the need for high-bandwidth communication and rendering the system more cost-effective and reliable. In the first part of this chapter, the conventional droop method is discussed and modelled followed by an analysis of the effect of line impedance and the presence of nonlinear loads on this method. When using the conventional droop method, it is not possible to perform a secondary control or energy management of a distributed storage system. For this reason, local droop control is usually enhanced by an overall control through low-bandwidth communication. In order to completely avoid the need for any kind of communication system and to improve the reliability of an islanded grid, a frequency-based energy management strategy can be used. The first part of this energy management strategy is related to the regulation of the State-Of-Charge (SOC), in which the conventional power–frequency droop is modified as a function of the battery SOC in order to balance the SOCs of the distributed batteries. First, this method is described, and then guidelines to design the control parameters are given, followed by simulation and experimental validation. The second part of the frequency-based energy management strategy is related to the regulation of the battery voltage and current. In order to maintain these variables within acceptable limits while avoiding the use of a communication system, a number of power–frequency curves are programmed in the battery inverters, RES inverters and non-critical loads. This energy management strategy is described, then the subsequent operating modes are presented and, finally, the experimental validation is provided.
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This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Grant DPI2013-42853-R.
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Urtasun, A., Sanchis, P., Marroyo, L. (2017). Energy Management of AC-Isolated Microgrids Based on Distributed Storage Systems and Renewable Energy Sources. In: Islam, F., Mamun, K., Amanullah, M. (eds) Smart Energy Grid Design for Island Countries. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50197-0_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50197-0_11
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