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The Critical Raw Materials Concept: Subjective, Multifactorial and Ever-Developing

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Factor X

Part of the book series: Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science ((ECOE,volume 32))

Abstract

Criticality analysis has established itself as a multifactorial, action-oriented, socio-economic raw materials scarcity assessment method which is subject to continuous development. A raw material is critical when its supply is at risk and a company or economy is vulnerable to supply restrictions of that raw material. The binary labelling of raw materials as either critical or not delivers a strong message. However, each raw material has a characteristic risk profile which may not be described by an aggregated criticality score and a discrete treshold value. A differentiated interpretation allows for a deeper understanding of the raw material supply situation and for the adoption of appropriate measures. Criticality should be understood as a continuum, subjective to the raw material system in question. A harmonised criticality methodology presented in the industrial guideline on resource efficiency (VDI 4800-II) allows for a flexible application of the concept.

ÖkoRess, a research project of the German Environment Agency, examines why and how environmental aspects should be included into the criticality concept. A raw material is consequently environmentally critical if it exhibits a high overall environmental hazard potential and is at the same time of great importance for a company or economy. A high environmental hazard potential can indicate a future supply risk. The conclusions to be drawn, however, differ from the conclusions from conventional criticality analysis. Ecological criticality widens the focus to include measures used to foster responsible sourcing and mining practices, which until now have not been discussed in the context of criticality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. German Environment Agency (UBA), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany

    Jan Kosmol, Felix Müller & Hermann Keßler

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  1. Jan Kosmol
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  2. Felix Müller
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Correspondence to Jan Kosmol .

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  1. Factor X/10 Club, German Environment Agency, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany

    Harry Lehmann

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Kosmol, J., Müller, F., Keßler, H. (2018). The Critical Raw Materials Concept: Subjective, Multifactorial and Ever-Developing. In: Lehmann, H. (eds) Factor X. Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science, vol 32. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50079-9_5

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