Abstract
Sea level and coastline change are becoming increasingly important topics to the population living along the edge of the world’s oceans and seas. This is the case at the southern Baltic Sea coast where climate change and glacio-isostatic response cause a relative sea-level rise of up to 2 mm/y and where storms events lead to continuous coastal retreat. There is an increasing need of numerical models applicable for reconstruction and future projection of coastal morphogenesis within the frame of coastal zone management and planning. By adopting a concept of dynamic equilibrium changes of coastal profiles and three dimensional generalization of the generalized Bruun concept, a quantitative model Dynamic Equilibrium Shore Model (DESM) is elaborated to study coastal morphogenesis including the reconstruction of the geological past and projection to future on the decadal to centennial time scale. The DESM model requires data of historical coastline configuration derived from maps, a high-resolution modern Digital Elevation Model (DEM), relative sea-level change data, and modelling data of long-shore sediment transport capacity. This model is applied in the study to three research areas of the southern Baltic Sea (Swina Gate, Łeba coast and Hel Peninsula). Their developments represent distinct examples of morphodynamics at wave dominated coast: formation of barrier islands, development of open coasts and processes at sandy spits. This study concentrates on areas in particular vulnerable to erosion and destruction due to their geological build-up, the glacio-isostatic subsidence and an exposure to the westerly and northern wind and storm tracks.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bird ECF (1985) Coastline changes. Wiley, New York
Borowka RK (1990) The holocene development and present day morphology of the Łeba Dunes, Baltic coast of Poland. In: Nordstrom KF, Psuty N, Carter B (eds) Coastal Dunes. forms and processes. Wiley, Chichester, pp 289–313
Borówka RK (1995) Dunes on the Leba barrier- their history and dynamics of present-day Aeolian processes. In: Rotnicki K (ed) Polish coast-past, present and future. Sp. Is. J Coast Res, pp 247–252
Borowka RK, Rotnicki K (1995) Shoreline changes of the Łeba barrier in modern times. J Coast Res Spec Issue 22:271–274
Brunel C, Sabatier F (2009) Potential influence of sea-level rise in controlling shoreline position on the French Mediterranean Coast. Geomorphology 107:47–57
Bruun P (1962) Sea-level rise as a cause of shore erosion. J Waterw Harb Div 88(1–3):117–130
Bruun P (1988) The Bruun rule of erosion by sea-level rise: a discussion on large-scale two- and three-dimensional usages. J Coast Res 4(4):627–648
Cooper J, Pilkey O (2004) Sea-level rise and shoreline retreat: time to abandon the Bruun Rule. Glob Planet Chang 43:157–171. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.07.001
Davidson-Arnott RGD (2010) Introduction to coastal processes and geomorphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 168–396
Dean RG (1991) Equilibrium beach profiles: characteristics and applications. J Coast Res 7(1):53–84
Deng J, Zhang W, Harff J, Schneider R, Dudzinska-Nowak J, Terefenko P, Furmańczyk K (2014) A numerical approach for approximating the historical morphology of wave-dominated coasts–A case study of the Pomeranian Bight, southern Baltic Sea. Geomorphology 204:425–443
Deng J, Harff J, Schimanke S, Meier HEM (2015) A method for estimating coastline recession due to sea level rise by assuming stationary wind-wave climate. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 44(3)
Froehle P, Dimke S (2008) Sediment transport at the coast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. In: Smith JM (ed) Proceedings of the 31st international conference on Coastal Engineering, Hamburg, Germany, 3, pp 2471–2480
Furmanczyk K (1995) Coast changes of the Hel Spit over the last 40 years. In: Rotnicki K (ed) Polish coast-past, present and future. Sp. Is. J Coast Res, pp 193–196
Groh A, Richter A and Dietrich R (submitted) Baltic GIA models and sea level change. In: Harff J, Furmanczyk and von Storch (eds) Proceedings coastline changes of the southern Baltic Sea – past and future projection.- Coastal Research Library
Harff J, Lüth F (eds) (2007) Sinking coasts – geosphere ecosphere and anthroposphere of the Holocene Southern Baltic Sea. Ber.d.Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 88, 266
Harff J, Meyer M (2011) Coastlines of the Baltic sea – zones of competition between geological processes and a changing climate: examples from the southern Baltic – springer. In: Harff J, Björck S, Hoth P (eds) The Baltic sea Basin. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 149–164
Healy T (1996) Sea level rise and impacts on nearshore sedimentation: an overview. Geol Rundsch 85:546–553. doi:10.1007/BF02369009
IPCC (2013) The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Climate change 2013 (1535). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York
Kraus NC, Larson M and Wise R (1999) Depth of closure in beachfill design. Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology. Florida Shore and Beach Preservation Association, pp. 271–286
Musielak S (1989) Uwagi dotyczace genezy Pólwyspu Helskiego w swietle nowszych danych. Stud Mater Oceanol 54:311–321
Pilkey O, Cooper J (2004) Society and sea level rise. Science 303:1781–1782. doi:10.1126/science.1093515
Pruszak Z (2003) Akweny morskie. Zarys procesów fizycznych i inżynierii środowiska. IBW PAN. Gdańsk
Richter A, Groh A, Dietrich R (2012) Geodetic observation of sea-level change and crustal deformation in the Baltic Sea region. Phys Chem Earth A/B/C 53-54:43–53
Rotnicka J (2011) Factors controlling the development of foredunes along the Łeba Barrier on the south Baltic coast of Poland. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium):308–313
Rotnicki K and Rotnicka J (2010) Poland, In: Bird CF Eric (ed) Encyclopedia of the world’s coastal landforms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 627–637
Rotnicki K, Alexandrowicz SW, Pazur A, Goslar T, Borowka RK (2009) Stages of the formation of the Łeba Barrier-Lagoon system on the basis of the geological cross-section near Rąbka (southern Baltic coast, Poland). Studia Quaternaria 26:3–24
Schoonees JS and Theron AK (1996) Improvement of the most accurate Long-shore transport formula. 25th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, vol. 3. ASCE, Orlando, FL, pp 3652–3665
SCOR (1991) The response of beaches to sea-level changes: a review of predictive models. J Coast Res 7:895–921
Seifert T, Kayser B (1995) A high resolution spherical grid topography of the Baltic sea. Mar Sci Rep 9:73–88
Soomere T, Viška M (2014) Simulated wave-driven sediment transport along the eastern coast of the Baltic sea. J Mar Syst 129:1–10
Thieler ER, Pilkey JOH, Young RS, Bush DM, Chai F (2000) The use of mathematical models to predict beach behavior for U.S. coastal engineering: a critical review. J Coast Res 16(1):48–70
Tomczak A (1994) Hel Peninsula – relief, geology, evolution. Symp. on Changes of Coastal Zones, Polish Coast ‘94, Gdynia, pp 45–49
Tomczak A (1995) Geological stzructure and holocene evolution of the polish coastqal zone. J Coast Res Spec Issue 22:15–31
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1984) Shore protection manual, 4th ed. Department of the Army, U.S. Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
Weisse R, von Storch H, Callies U et al (2009) Regional meteo-marine reanalyses and climate change projections: results for northern europe and potentials for coastal and offshore applications. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 90:849–860
Woodroffe CD, Murray-Wallace CV (2012) Sea-level rise and coastal change: the past as a guide to the future. Quat Sci Rev 54:4–11. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.05.009
Zawadzka E (1999) Development tendencies of the Polish south Baltic coast (in Polish).- GTN Gdansk, p 147
Zhang W, Schneider R, Harff J (2012) A multi-scale hybrid long-term morphodynamic model for wave-dominated coasts. Geomorphology 149–150:49–61
Zhang W, Deng J, Harff J, Schneider R, Dudzinska-Nowak J (2013) A coupled modeling scheme for longshore sediment transport of wave-dominated coasts – a case study from the southern Baltic Sea. Coast Eng 72:39–55
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the COPAF project funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland. The historical ‘Messtischblatt’ maps are provided by the University of Greifswald and the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Deng, J. et al. (2017). The Dynamic Equilibrium Shore Model for the Reconstruction and Future Projection of Coastal Morphodynamics. In: Harff, J., Furmańczyk, K., von Storch, H. (eds) Coastline Changes of the Baltic Sea from South to East. Coastal Research Library, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49894-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49894-2_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-49892-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-49894-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)