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Micro-scale Energy Harvesting for Batteryless Information Technologies

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Energy Harvesting and Energy Efficiency

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Energy ((LNEN,volume 37))

Abstract

Continually growing integration levels and miniaturization in electronics has led to the enrichment of features to enable a variety of new applications with simultaneous reduction in system power consumption. The start of the 21st century is hallmarked by the emergence of small information engines (microsystems) as part of “internet of things” thrust to provide the intelligence behind the building blocks of the increasingly automated, digitized, and connected eco-system around residential, industrial, health, education, transportation, communication, and other sectors of our civilization. These engines require small amount of power to work in an embedded environment where frequent access for maintenance, and power delivery or battery refurbishment is not desirable. The focus of this chapter is batteryless operation, which is at the center-stage of microscale harvesting research efforts to enable such applications. Energy and power budgeting, and system design concerns are reviewed for batteryless operation, and system examples are provided. First part of Sect. 3.1 discusses demand for micro-scale information technologies. Section 3.1.3 provides typical power and energy budgets for sensor nodes. The motivations for batteryless operation are examined in Sect. 3.1.4. Power generation is provided as a recent power management thrust in such systems in Sect. 3.1.5. System design issues for realizing batteryless information technologies are covered in Sect. 3.2 with the review of energy harvesting techniques such as small-scale solar irradiation, environmental vibration, thermal differences, and ambient radio-frequency electromagnetic waves. Finally, the last part of the section briefly discusses upcoming trends and further efforts in enabling batteryless information technologies at a disruptive level.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Alternating-current

ADC:

Analog-to-digital conversion

ASIC:

Application specific integrated circuit

BSN:

Body sensor nod

COTS:

Commercial off-the-shelf

DC:

Direct-current

DVS:

Dynamic voltage scaling (), 20

ICT:

Information and communication technologies

M2M:

Machine-to-machine (), 4

MCU:

Microcontroller unit

MEMS:

Micro-electromechanical system

MPPT:

Maximum Power Point Tracking

PC:

Personal Computer

PV:

Photovoltaic

PZT:

Piezoelectric

PCB:

Printed circuit board

SECE:

Synchronous electric charge extraction

TEG:

Thermoelectric generator

WSN:

Wireless Sensor Networks

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Güzelyurt, Mersin 10, Turkey

    Ali Muhtaroğlu

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  1. Ali Muhtaroğlu
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Correspondence to Ali Muhtaroğlu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electronics, Communication, and Computers, University of Piteşti, Piteşti, Romania

    Nicu Bizon

  2. Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Seraj Higher Education Institute, Tabriz, Iran

    Naser Mahdavi Tabatabaei

  3. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark

    Frede Blaabjerg

  4. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Erol Kurt

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Muhtaroğlu, A. (2017). Micro-scale Energy Harvesting for Batteryless Information Technologies. In: Bizon, N., Mahdavi Tabatabaei, N., Blaabjerg, F., Kurt, E. (eds) Energy Harvesting and Energy Efficiency. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 37. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49875-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49875-1_3

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-49874-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-49875-1

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