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A Clinical Guide to Pediatric HIV pp 273–295Cite as

HIV Prevention Among Youth: Designing Effective Evidence-Based HIV Risk-Reduction Programs for Adolescents

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Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to describe both primary and secondary prevention efforts among youth. The HIV epidemic among adolescents in the United States is inherently tied to individual, psychosocial, and cultural phenomena. Expanding intervention development and implementation to incorporate a broader spectrum of determinants of adolescents’ risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV acquisition may provide an opportunity to more effectively prevent disease transmission. This chapter will first highlight adolescents’ sexual risk behavior followed by a review of evidence-based high-impact HIV prevention programs. Future directions for research in the area of primary and secondary HIV prevention also will be discussed.

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Annotated Bibliography

  • Berkman, A., Garcia, J., Muñoz-Laboy, M., Paiva, V., & Parker, R. (2005). A critical analysis of the Brazilian response to HIV/AIDS: Lessons learned for controlling and mitigating the epidemic in developing countries. American Journal of Public Health, 95(7), 1162–1172. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.054593

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  • The authors in this article analyze the Brazilian National AIDS Program, which is one of the most successful examples of an effective ecological approach to HIV prevention. Elements that distinguish Brazil’s experiences are discussed to help aid with the development of similar HIV prevention programs in other countries. The authors also discuss the transection of culture and sexuality, politics and public health, and the integration of prevention and treatment.

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  • DiClemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2007). A review of STD/HIV preventive interventions for adolescents: Sustaining effects using an ecological approach. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32(8), 888–906. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsm056

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  • The authors review the literature on adolescent sexual risk research and outline intervention research suggestive of an ecological perspective. They use various examples from published literature that has investigated preventive interventions using a multilevel approach. The authors find in their study that adolescents are exposed to a diverse array of influences. Therefore, to adequately prevent and maintain the likelihood of adolescents’ adopting sexual risk behaviors, intervention efforts should be designed to transect the different factors of causation.

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  • DiClemente, R. J., Brown, J. L., & Davis, T. L. (2013). Determinants of Health-Related Behaviors in Adolescence. In Handbook of adolescent health psychology (pp. 107–127). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6633-8_8

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  • The authors start by providing an overview of the socio-ecological model of adolescent health behavior by highlighting some key determinants of health outcomes: individual, family, peer, relational, community, and societal. Then they provide examples of interventions designed to address important health determinants and related behaviors at each level of the socio-ecological model. While there is a focus on reproductive health, this article also explores the socio-ecological model in different domains of adolescent health: mortality, unintentional injury, violence, mental health and substance abuse, and chronic disease.

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  1. Emory University, Druid Hills, GA, USA

    Ralph J. DiClemente & Nihari Patel

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    Tiffany Chenneville

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DiClemente, R.J., Patel, N. (2016). HIV Prevention Among Youth: Designing Effective Evidence-Based HIV Risk-Reduction Programs for Adolescents. In: Chenneville, T. (eds) A Clinical Guide to Pediatric HIV. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49704-4_11

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